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| *''-ṯysin'': 'I may/I have permission to' (negated: 'I must not') | | *''-ṯysin'': 'I may/I have permission to' (negated: 'I must not') |
| *''-s̱an'': 'I want to/intend to' | | *''-s̱an'': 'I want to/intend to' |
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| ===Copula===
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| To express "is an X", the copula ''-puan'' is suffixed to the bare stem of X; X plus the copula then goes to the normal stem slot for purposes of verb inflection. The noun itself doesn't go into the plural even when the subject is plural.
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| :'''''Lameiteitutu.'''''
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| :la-mei-teit-utu
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| :merely-INFERRED-child-COP.PRES.3PL
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| :''In my opinion, they are mere children.''
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| :'''''Hyroṉḏuar, hybreituar?'''''
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| :Hy-roṉḏ-uar, hy-breit-uar
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| :Q-man-COP.2SG, Q-woman-COP.PRES.2SG
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| :''Are you a man or a woman?''
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| When the copula is added on nouns without an evidential, it emphasizes the noun or simply indicates the tense of an action (either past or non-past).
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| :'''''Meixuumi bastaim.'''''
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| :mei-xuu-mi bast-aim
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| :INFERRED-do-3SG.M.PFV king-COP.PST.3SG.M
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| :''It was apparently the king who did it.'' / ''The king apparently did it.''
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| ====Inflection====
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| The copula is suppletive; it also has only non-past indicative and past indicative forms.
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| {{col-begin}}
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| {{col-break}}
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| {| class="bluetable"
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| |+ Non-past copula
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| |-
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| ! Person !! Affix
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| |-
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| | 1SG || ''-(l)uan''
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| |-
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| | 2SG || ''-(l)uar''
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| |-
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| | 3SG.M || ''-(l)uam''
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| |-
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| | 3SG.F || ''-(l)uas''
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| |-
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| | 3SG.N || ''-(l)ua''
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| |-
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| | 1EX || ''-(l)ume''
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| |-
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| | 1IN || ''-(l)uant''
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| |-
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| | 2PL || ''-(l)uaf''
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| |-
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| | 3PL || ''-(l)utu''
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| |-
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| | 4 || ''-(l)uap''
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| |-
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| | Who? || ''-(l)ute''
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| |-
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| | What? || ''-(l)uta''
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| |}
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| {{col-break}}
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| {| class="bluetable"
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| |+ Past copula
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| |-
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| ! Person !! Affix
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| |-
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| | 1SG || ''-(q)ain''
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| |-
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| | 2SG || ''-(q)air''
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| |-
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| | 3SG.M || ''-(q)aim''
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| |-
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| | 3SG.F || ''-(q)ais''
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| |-
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| | 3SG.N || ''-(q)ai''
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| |-
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| | 1EX || ''-(q)aime''
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| |-
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| | 1IN || ''-(q)aint''
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| |-
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| | 2PL || ''-(q)aif''
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| |-
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| | 3PL || ''-(q)aitu''
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| |-
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| | 4 || ''-(q)aip''
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| |-
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| | Who? || ''-(q)aite''
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| |-
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| | What? || ''-(q)aita''
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| |}
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| {{col-end}}
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| ===Pronouns=== | | ===Pronouns=== |