Kwenya Greek

Kwenya (Κοινη) is a Finnic-influenced Hellenic language.

Phonology

Consonants

• μ ν γγ = /m n ŋ/ (γκ γχ = /ŋk ŋkʰ/)
• π τ κ = /p t k/
• β δ = /b d/
• φ θ χ = /pʰ tʰ kʰ/
• σ γ = /s h/
• ζ = /z/
• ϝ ρ λ = /w ɾ l/

Vowels

α ε ι ο υ η ω αι ει ευ ια ιο οι ου = /a ə i o wi ja u e i ju ja jo we ɨ/ ⟨a ë i o wi ya u e i yu ya yo we ũ⟩

Prosody

Stress

Stress is always initial.

Morphology

Nouns

nom/acc/gen/voc + Finnic-style cases. No articles or gender due to Finnic influence.

Principal parts: nominative, accusative, genitive, vocative singular; nominative, accusative, genitive plural.

Direct objects of a negated verb are in the genitive.

γλωσσα 'tongue, language'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	γλωσσα hlusa	γλωσσαι hluse
Vocative	γλωσσα! hlusa!	γλωσσαι! hluse!
Accusative	γλωσσαν hlusan	γλωσσαρ hlusar
Genitive	γλωσσαρ hlusar	γλωσσων hlusun
Illative	γλωσσανειρ hlusanir	γλωσσαρειρ hlusarir
Inessive	γλωσσανδο hlusando	γλωσσωνενδο hlusunëndo
Elative	γλωσσαξε hlusaksë	γλωσσωνεξε hlusunëksë
Adessive	γλωσσαρειτ hlusarit	γλωσσωνειτ hlusunit
Allative	γλωσσαβαι hlusabe	γλωσσωμβαι hlusumbe
Ablative	γλωσσαμπο hlusampo	γλωσσαπο hlusapo
Instrumental	γλωσσαδω hlusadu	γλωσσωνδω hlusundu
Essive	γλωσσαπρε hlusaprë	γλωσσωμπρε hlusumprë
Translative	γλωσσανειν hlusanin	γλωσσαρειν hlusarin
Abessive	γλωσσαχω hlusakhu	γλωσσωγχω hlusankhu
Comitative	γλωσσαμε hlusamë	γλωσσωμμε hlusummë

οικορ 'house'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	οικορ wekor	οικοι wekwe
Vocative	οικε! wekë!	οικοι! wekwe!
Accusative	οικον wekon	οικουρ wekũr
Genitive	οικου wekũ	οικων wekun
Illative	οικονειρ wekonir	οικουρειρ wekũrir
Inessive	οικουνδο wekũndo	οικωνενδο wekunëndo
Elative	οικουξε wekũksë	οικωνεξε wekunëksë
Adessive	οικουρειτ wekũrit	οικωνειτ wekunit
Allative	οικουβαι wekũbe	οικωμβαι wekumbe
Ablative	οικομπο wekompo	οικουπο wekũpo
Instrumental	οικουδω wekũdu	οικωνδω wekundu
Essive	οικουπρε wekũprë	οικωμπρε wekumprë
Translative	οικονειν wekonin	οικουρειν wekũrin
Abessive	οικουχω wekũkhu	οικωγχω wekunkhu
Comitative	οικουμε wekũmë	οικωμμε wekummë

δωρον 'gift'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	δωρον duron	δωρα dura
Vocative	δωρον! duron!	δωρα! dura!
Accusative	δωρον duron	δωρα dura
Genitive	δωρου durũ	δωρων durun
Illative	δωρονειρ duronir	δωραρειρ durarir
Inessive	δωρουνδο	δωρωνενδο
Elative	δωρουξε	δωρωνεξε
Adessive	δωρουειτ	δωρωνειτ
Allative	δωρουβαι	δωρωμβαι
Ablative	δωρομπο	δωραπο
Instrumental	δωρουδω	δωρωνδω
Essive	δωρουπρε	δωρωμπρε
Translative	δωρονειν	δωραρειν
Abessive	δωρουχω	δωρωγχω
Comitative	δωρουμε	δωρωμμε

πολιρ 'city'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	πολιρ	πολερ
Vocative	πολι!	πολερ!
Accusative	πολιν	πολερ
Genitive	πολιωρ	πολιων
Illative	πολινειρ	πολερειρ
Inessive	πολιωνδο	πολιωνενδο
Elative	πολιωξε	πολιωνεξε
Adessive	πολιωρειτ	πολιωνειτ
Allative	πολιωβαι	πολιωμβαι
Ablative	πολιμπο	πολεπο
Instrumental	πολιωδω	πολιωνδω
Essive	πολιωπρε	πολιωμπρε
Translative	πολινειν	πολερειν
Abessive	πολιωχω	πολιωγχω
Comitative	πολιωμε	πολιωμμε

Adjectives

Adjectives have an attributive form and predicative form. They also have past tense and imperative forms like verbs.

καλορ 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); present tense

	Singular	Plural
Predicative (male)	καλορ kalor	καλοι kalwe
Predicative (female)	καλη kalya	καλαι kale
Predicative (inanimate)	καλον kalon	καλα kala
Attributive	καλ(ο)- kal(o)-

καλορ 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); past tense

	Singular	Plural
male	καλορων kalorun	καλοντερ kalontër
female	καληρα kalyara	καλαιραι kalere
inanimate	καλονον kalonon	καλαντα kalanta
Attributive	καλομοντ kalomont

ευγενηρ 'polite' (3nd decl.)

	Singular	Plural
Predicative (male)	ευγενηρ yuhënyar	ευγενειρ yuhënir
Predicative (female)	ευγενηρ yuhënyar	ευγενειρ yuhënir
Predicative (inanimate)	ευγενερ yuhënër	ευγενη yuhënya
Attributive	ευγεν(ο)- yuhën(o)-

ευγενηρ 'polite' (3nd decl.); past tense

	Singular	Plural
male	ευγενηρων yuhënyarun	ευγενειντερ yuhënintër
female	ευγενηρα yuhënyara	ευγενειραι yuhënire
inanimate	ευγενερον yuhënëron	ευγενηντα yuhënyanta
Attributive	ευγενομοντ yuhënomont

Verbs

Principal parts: present stem, past stem

φαγων 'eat' - present active

	Singular	Plural
male	φαγων phahun	φαγοντερ phahontër
female	φαγουρα phahũra	φαγουραι phahũre
inanimate	φαγον phahon	φαγοντα phahonta
attributive	φαγοντ phahont

φαγων 'eat' - past active

	Singular	Plural
male	φαγαρ phahar	φαγαντερ phahantër
female	φαγαρα phahara	φαγαραι phahare
inanimate	φαγαν phahan	φαγαντα phahanta
attributive	φαγαρ phahar

φαγων 'eat' - present passive

	Singular	Plural
male	φαγομενορ phahomënor	φαγομενοι phahomënwe
female	φαγομενη phahomënya	φαγομεναι phahomëne
inanimate	φαγομενον phahomënon	φαγομενα phahomëna
attributive	φαγομεν phahomën

φαγων 'eat' - imperative active

	Singular	Plural
active	φαγε! phahë!	φαγετε! phahëtë!

φαγων 'eat' - past passive

	Singular	Plural
male	φαγομενορων phahamënorun	φαγαμενοντερ phahamënontër
female	φαγομενηρα phahamënyara	φαγαμεναιραι phahamënere
inanimate	φαγαμενονον phahamënonon	φαγαμεναντα phahamënanta

φαγων 'eat' - imperative passive

	Singular	Plural
active	φαγομενοστι! phahomënosti!	φαγομενοστε! phahomënostë!

Numbers

All numbers are indeclinable:

1-10: ën, dwi, trya, tëttar, pënta, ësta, ëpta, ohta, ënnya, dëka

11-20: ëndyutrũ ... ikori (< hen deuterou, dyo deuterou, ... "one of the second [ten], two of the second [ten], ..." cf. Estonian üks·teist, kaks·teist, ...)

100: ëkaton

1000: khilya

Syntax

Constituent order

Kwenya is completely head-final like Korean, Tamil and Turkish.