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| :[[Belen/Lexicon]]
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| :[[Belen/Swadesh list]]
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| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' /bələn/ is a "CW-Complex" language spoken in eastern Etalocin. It's inspired by Turkish, Vietnamese and an older draft of [[Ancient Wiebian]].
| | {{list subpages}} |
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| ==Todo==
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| ==Notes==
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| *''A'' = one of the vowels ''ȧ/a/ω''
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| *''O'' = one of the vowels ''ė/e/o''
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| *''U'' = one of the vowels ''i/ı/u''
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| ==Phonology==
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| ===Orthography===
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| ===Consonants===
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
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| ! colspan="2"|
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| ! | Labial
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| ! | Dental
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| ! | Alveolar
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| ! | Palatal
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| ! | Medial
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| ! | Velar
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| ! | Glottal
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" | Nasal
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| | '''m''' /m/
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| | '''n''' /n/
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| | '''ņ''' /ɲˁ~ɳ/
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| | '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Plosive
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| ! | <small>voiceless</small>
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| | '''p''' /p/
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| | '''t''' /t/
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| | '''ț''' /cˤ~ʈ/
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| | '''k''' /c~k/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>voiced</small>
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| | '''b''' /b/
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| | '''d''' /d/
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| | '''ḑ''' /ɟˤ~ɖ/
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| | '''g''' /ɟ~ɡ/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Fricative
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| | '''f''' /f/
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| | '''t̆''' /θ/
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| | '''s''' /s/
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| | '''ș''' /çˤ~ʂ/
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| | '''x''' /ç~x/
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| | '''h''' /h/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Approximant
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| ! | <small>lateral</small>
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| | '''l''' /l/
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| | '''ļ''' /ʎˁ~ɭ/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>central</small>
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| | '''v''' /β̞~w/
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| | '''d̆''' /ð̞/
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| | '''y''' /j/
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| | '''r''' /jˤ~ɻ/
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| | '''ğ''' /ɣ̞~ɰ/
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| |}
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| ;Notes
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| *Voiceless plosives and affricates are lightly aspirated.
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| *The medial consonants /ɲˁ, cˤ, ɟˤ, çˤ, ʎˁ, jˤ/ vary by idiolect and may be retroflex or sulcalized retroflex [ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, ɭ, ɻ] or pharyngealized pre-velar/"bunched" [ŋ̟ˁ, k̟ˤ, g̟ˤ, x̟ˤ, ʟ̟ˁ, ɹ̈]. The medial consonants are principally characterized by a low third formant (F3).
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| ===Vowels===
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |-
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| !
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| ! Front
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| ! Central
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| ! Back
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| |-
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| ! Close
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| | '''i''' /i/
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| | '''ı''' /ɨ~ɯ/
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| | '''u''' /u/
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| |-
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| ! Close-mid
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| | '''ė''' /e/
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| | '''e''' /ə~ɤ/
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| | '''o''' /o/
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| |-
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| ! Open-mid/Open
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| | '''ȧ''' /æ~ɛ/
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| | '''a''' /ä/
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| | '''ω''' /ɒ~ɔ/
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| |}
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| Belen has vowel harmony with front vowels (''i ė ȧ''), central vowels (''ı e a''), and back vowels (''u o ω'').
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| ===Prosody===
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| ====Stress====
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| ====Intonation====
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| ===Phonotactics===
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| */l ɭ ɻ/ are not allowed in onset position.
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| ===Morphophonology===
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| ==Morphology==
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| ===Nouns===
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| {{PAGENAME}} is topic-prominent, like Japanese and Korean.
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| The following rules generally apply, unless overridden by assimilations and phonetic rules.
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| *Final ''b, d, ḑ, g'' are lenited to approximants ''v, d̆, r, ğ'' before a suffix beginning with a consonant
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| *Suffixes beginning with ''b, d, ḑ, g'' are lenited to ''v, d̆, r, ğ'' after a final vowel.
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| *When two vowels come together upon suffixation, the hiatus filler is ''v'' for back and central vowel words and ''y'' for front vowel words.
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| Here are the major noun clitics:
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| *''-nUm'' = plural (''-ņ'', ''-ț'' + ''-nUm'' > ''-ņņUm'', ''-țņUm'')
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| **''nȧx'' /nɛx/ = person, ''nȧxnim'' /nɛxnim/ = people
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| **''med'' /məd/ = house, ''med̆nım'' /məð̞nɨm/ = houses
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| **''suḑ'' /suɖ/ = woman, ''surnum'' /suɹnum/ = women
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| **''ŋω'' /ŋɔ/ = head > ''ŋωnum'' /ŋɔnum/ = heads
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| *''-yA'' = topic/vocative marker
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| *nȧxyȧ /nɛxjɛ/ = the person (topic)
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| *medya /mədja/ = the house (topic)
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| *suḑyω /suɖjɔ/ = the woman (topic)
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| *ŋωyω /ŋɔjɔ/ = the head (nominative)
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| *''-dO/-d̆O'' = nominative/focus marker (''-t'', ''-ņ'', ''-ḑ'', ''-ț'', ''-ļ'' + ''-dO'' > ''-ttO'', ''-ņḑO'', ''-ḑḑO'', ''-ţţO'', ''-ļḑO'')
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| **''nȧxdė'' /nɛxde/ = the person (nominative)
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| **''medde'' /məddə/ = the house (nominative)
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| **''suḑḑo'' /suɖɖo/ = the woman (nominative)
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| **''ŋωd̆o'' /ŋɔð̞o/ = the head (nominative)
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| *''-Uļ'' = accusative
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| **''nȧxiļ'' /nɛxiɭ/ = person (accusative)
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| **''medıļ'' /mədɨɭ/ = house (accusative)
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| **''suḑuļ'' /suɖuɭ/ = woman (accusative)
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| **''ŋωvuļ'' /ŋɔwuɭ/ = head (accusative)
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| *''-mAy'' = locative
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| **''virė'' /wiɹe/ = sea; ''virėmȧy'' /wiɹemɛj/ = at sea
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| **''med̆may'' /məð̞maj/ = in/at the house
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| **''xωtmωy'' /xɔtmɔj/ = in the room
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| *''-bOn'' = dative
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| **''nȧxbėn'' /nɛxben/ = for the person
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| **''eşben'' /əʂbən/ = for the daughter
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| **''suḑbon'' /suɖbon/ = for the woman
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| *''-Or'' = genitive
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| **''nȧxėr'' /nɛxeɹ/ = of the person
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| **''meder'' /mədəɹ/ = of the house
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| **''suḑor'' /suɖoɹ/ = of the woman
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| **''ŋωvor'' /ŋɔwoɹ/ = of the head
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| *''-Uŋk'' = 'and/with'
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| **''nȧxiŋk'' = the man and
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| **''medıŋk'' = the house and
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| **''suḑuŋk'' = the woman and
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| *''-pA'' = 'from'
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| **''nȧxpȧ'' = from the man
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| **''medpa'' = from the house
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| **''suḑpω'' = from the woman
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| ===Pronouns===
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| aŋ, gıs, mi, aŋnım, gısnım, minim
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| ===Adjectives===
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| ===Verbs===
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| ===Numerals===
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| *1: kı /kɨ/
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| *2: goș /goʂ/
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| *3: vildė /wilde/
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| *4: alm /alm/
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| *5: ḑerg /ɖəɻg/
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| *6: nȧy /nɛj/
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| *7: ark /aɻk/
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| *8: t̆ıņț /θɨɳʈ/
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| *9: hωm /hɔm/
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| *10: bıņ /bɨɳ/
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| *11: șur /ʂuɻ/
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| *12: fert /fəɻt/
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| *13: fert kı /fəɻt kɨ/
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| *14: fert goș /fəɻt goʂ/
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| ...
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| *24: ņωx /ɳɔx/
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| *36: tifėn /tifen/
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| *48: xef /xəf/
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| *60: nisėb /niseb/
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| *72: jȧm /jɛm/
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| *84: arked /aɻkəd/
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| *96: t̆ıņțed /θɨɳʈəd/
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| *108: hωmod /hɔmod/
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| *120: bıņed /bɨɳəd/
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| *132: șurod /ʂuɻod/
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| *144: kulb /kulb/
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| ==Syntax==
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| Belen syntax is mostly shared with the larger CW-Complex sprachbund. Unusually for a CW-complex language, it is topic-prominent.
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| ===Constituent order===
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| ===Noun phrase===
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| ===Verb phrase===
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| ===Sentence phrase===
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| ===Dependent clauses===
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| <!-- etc. etc. -->
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| ==Example texts==
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| ==Other resources==
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| <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
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| <!-- Template area -->
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| [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
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| [[Category:Languages]]
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