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===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Modern Netagin lost gemination. | Modern Netagin lost gemination and gained new consonant contrasts as a result. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;" | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
! |Labial | |||
! |Alveolar | |||
! |Lateral | |||
! |Palatal | |||
! |Velar | |||
! |Uvular | |||
! |Pharyngeal | |||
! |Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/ | |||
|colspan="2"| '''n''' /n/ | |||
| | |||
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Plosive | |||
! |<small>unaspirated</small> | |||
| '''b''' /p~b/ | |||
|colspan="2"| '''d''' /t~d/ | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' /k~g/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ʔ''' /ʔ/ | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>aspirated</small> | |||
| | |||
|colspan="2"| '''t''' /tʰ~dʰ/ | |||
| | |||
| '''k''' /kʰ~gʰ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Affricate | |||
| | |||
| '''c''' /ts~dz/ | |||
| '''ć''' /tɬ~dɮ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="" |Spirant | |||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''f''' /f~v/ | |||
| '''þ''' /θ~ð/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''x''' /x~ɣ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''v''' /v/ | |||
| '''ð''' /ð/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''γ''' /x~ɣ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="" |Nonspirant | |||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | |||
| | |||
| '''s''' /s/<br/>'''z''' /z/ | |||
| '''ś''' /ɬ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ħ''' /ħ/ | |||
| '''h''' /h/ | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>voiced</small> | |||
| | |||
| '''z''' /z/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Approximant | |||
| '''w''' /w/ | |||
|colspan="2"| '''r''' /ɾ/ | |||
| '''y''' /j/ | |||
| | |||
|colspan="2"|'''ȝ''' /ʁ~ʕ/ | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
m n ŋ | m n ŋ |
Revision as of 22:33, 31 August 2017
Introduction
Modern Netagin (nthogin) is the modern descendant of Classical Netagin. It is a prestige language in Talma.
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
Modern Netagin lost gemination and gained new consonant contrasts as a result.
Labial | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ŋ /ŋ/ | ||||||
Plosive | unaspirated | b /p~b/ | d /t~d/ | g /k~g/ | ʔ /ʔ/ | ||||
aspirated | t /tʰ~dʰ/ | k /kʰ~gʰ/ | |||||||
Affricate | c /ts~dz/ | ć /tɬ~dɮ/ | |||||||
Spirant | voiceless | f /f~v/ | þ /θ~ð/ | x /x~ɣ/ | |||||
voiced | v /v/ | ð /ð/ | γ /x~ɣ/ | ||||||
Nonspirant | voiceless | s /s/ z /z/ |
ś /ɬ/ | ħ /ħ/ | h /h/ | ||||
voiced | z /z/ | ||||||||
Approximant | w /w/ | r /ɾ/ | y /j/ | ȝ /ʁ~ʕ/ |
m n ŋ
tʰ t kʰ k ʔ
b d g
f s ts ɬ tɬ ħ h
z ʁ
w ɾ j
⟨m n ŋ þ t x k ʔ b d g f s c ś ć ħ h z ȝ w r y⟩
Begadkefat: /t k b d g/ > /θ x v ð ɣ/ after a V; transliterated th kh bh dh gh (optional across word boundaries)
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i /i/ | ü /y/ | u /u/ |
Mid | e /e/ | ö /ø/ | o /o/ |
Open | a /a/ |
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Adjectives
Adjectives in -in decline as follows:
Singulative | Collective | Plurative | |
---|---|---|---|
Masculine | nthogin | nthoginu | nthogino |
Feminine | nthogiye | nthoginu | nthogibh |
Verbs
Derivational morphology
Syntax
Modern Netagin is a VSO, split-ergative langiage.