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“''Unstressed '''a''' is deleted word-finally after a nasal consonant or '''t'''.''” | “''Unstressed '''a''' is deleted word-finally after a nasal consonant or '''t'''.''” | ||
==Phonology of Old Valthungian ca. 950 a.d.== | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | |||
|- | |||
! width=100px rowspan="2"| | |||
! colspan="2"| '''Short Vowels''' | |||
! rowspan="6"| | |||
! colspan="2"| '''Long Vowels''' | |||
|- | |||
! width=65px| '''Front''' | |||
! width=65px| '''Back''' | |||
! width=65px| '''Front''' | |||
! width=65px| '''Back''' | |||
|- | |||
!'''Close''' | |||
|'''i · eu'''<br />[i · y] | |||
|'''u'''<br />[u] | |||
|'''ij · euv'''<br />[iː · yː] | |||
|'''uv'''<br />[uː] | |||
|- | |||
!'''Mid-Close''' | |||
|''' · y<ref>This was likely a lax near-close vowel, not a mid-close vowel; i.e. [ʏ], not [ø]. It later merged with /y/.</ref>'''<br />[ʏ] | |||
| | |||
|'''ei · eou'''<br />[eː · øː] | |||
|'''ou'''<br />[oː]<ref>All of the mid-close long vowels may have been diphthongs, though the spelling is likely related to conventions borrowed from early Romance languages of the time rather than an indication of dipthongisation.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
!'''Mid-Open''' | |||
|'''e · eo'''<br />[ɛ · œ] | |||
|'''o'''<br />[ɔ] | |||
|'''ae · eao'''<br />[ɛː · œː] | |||
|'''ao'''<br />[ɔː] | |||
|- | |||
!'''Open''' | |||
| | |||
|'''a'''<br />[ɑ] | |||
| | |||
|'''aa'''<br />[ɑː] | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | |||
!width=100px| | |||
!width=65px|'''Labial''' | |||
!width=65px|'''Dental''' | |||
!width=65px|'''Alveolar''' | |||
!width=65px|'''Palatal''' | |||
!width=65px|'''Dorsal''' | |||
|- | |||
!'''Plosive''' | |||
|'''p · b'''<br />[p~pʰ · b] | |||
|'''t · d'''<br />[t~tʰ · d] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|'''k · g'''<br />[k~kʰ · g] | |||
|- | |||
!'''Nasal''' | |||
|''' · m'''<br />[m] | |||
| | |||
|''' · n'''<br />[n] | |||
| | |||
|''' · n'''<ref>Before '''g''' or '''k'''</ref><br />[ŋ] | |||
|- | |||
!'''Fricative''' | |||
|'''f · bv'''<br />[ɸ · β] | |||
|'''ð · þ'''<br />[ð · θ] | |||
|'''s · z'''<br />[s · ʐ] | |||
| | |||
|'''h · gy'''<br />[h · ɣ] | |||
|- | |||
!'''Approximant''' | |||
|''' · v'''<br />[w] | |||
|''' · l'''<br />[l̪~ɫ] | |||
|''' · r'''<br />[r~ɾ] | |||
|''' · j'''<br />[j] | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
==Orthography of Old Valthungian== | ==Orthography of Old Valthungian== |