Volapűük nulíik: Difference between revisions

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Modal particles
Modal particles


These particles give information concerning the likeliness, the degree to which an action is performed,
These particles give information concerning the likeliness, the degree to which an action is performed and conjunction.


The table gives an overview:
The table gives an overview:
{| class="wikitable"
!suffix !! meaning !! example !! translation
|-ya ||already || bukíya || [I have read] the book already
|-
||-le ||completely, the whole; not at all [negated] || ? || ?
|-
||-ti || almost || Flapȁmiftì šitsilí || He almost hit the girl
|-
||-no || yet / not yet [negated] || Nobhukkedébno || I have not yet read the book.
|-
||-(g)ee || and || Petéer Páulee || Peter and Paul
|-
||-(g)ee ... -(g)ee || both ... and ... || Petéeree Páulee || both Peter and Paul
|-
||-(g)uu || or || Petéer Páuluu || Peter or Paul
|-
||-(g)uu ... -(g)uu || either ... or ... ||Petéeruu Páuluu || either Peter or Paul
|-
||-(g)ii || too, also || Petéerii || Peter, too
|-
||-ba || maybe, perheps || Möyyufálembà. || Maybe you can help him.
|-
||-fe || in deed, factually || ? || ?
|-
||-le || possibly || ? || ?
|-
||-sä || as if || ? || ?
|-
||-bo/-so || little, not much || Nollärnȁbdäälbo. || I did not study much yesterday.
|-
||-ni || some || Lärnȁbdäälni. || I did learn something yesterday (not little nor much).
|-
||-mö || much || Mittidȁmväägmö|| Last week he ate much meat.
|-
||-tu || too much || ? || ?
|-
||-mu || extreme || fit grandíikmu || an extrem big fish
||-ve || very || váad koldíikve || very cold water
|-
||-te || only || kaf balíte || [I take] only one coffee
|}
If more than one suffix will be used, then there is a hierachy of suffixes:
1. completion of action/time information [-ya | -no | -le | -ti]
2. emphasis [-te | -ve]
3. likelyhood [-ba | -fe | -la | -sä]
4. degree of completion [-bo/-so | -ni | -mö | -mu | -tu]
5. conjunction [-(g)uu | -(g)ee | -(g)ii ]
The particle meaning "but" does belong to this category but it varies, according to the dialects:
{| class="wikitable"
! dialect !! suffix !! etymology !! example
|-
| North || -lua / -lwa || < Inuktitut ''*-(C)aluaq'' || Viyyufȁbeflua! But I wanted to help her!
|-
|| South/East || -bä/-be || < vo. ''*ab'' [through methasis and differentiation  || Viyyufȁbefbä! / Viyyufȁbefbe!
|-
|| West/Central || -xa || < Old Irish ''*acht'' || Viyyufȁbefxa! But I wanted to help her!
|}


===''Slot XI''===
===''Slot XI''===
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