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Wistanian: Difference between revisions
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
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Wistanian follows a rigid syntax and tight grammar due to its analytical tendencies. However, these strict standards, along with the simple phonology, help Wistanian people groups to remain understandable and intelligible among each other. | Wistanian follows a rigid syntax and tight grammar due to its analytical tendencies. However, these strict standards, along with the simple phonology, help Wistanian people groups to remain understandable and intelligible among each other. | ||
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====Location==== | ====Location==== | ||
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Nouns distinguish ten locative cases, all of which come from the Nati language and were adopted into the Taliv language during the pidgin era: | Nouns distinguish ten locative cases, all of which come from the Nati language and were adopted into the Taliv language during the pidgin era: | ||
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# The Ablative is also used as the Genitive case to indicate possession. | # The Ablative is also used as the Genitive case to indicate possession. | ||
Once a noun takes on a locative case, it is treated as a modifier, coming immediately after its head. However, it can still be given modifiers of its own that may intervene between the locative and its head. In this case, locative nouns take on their own group, alongside subject nouns and object nouns. | Once a noun takes on a locative case, it is treated as a modifier, coming immediately after its verb head. However, it can still be given modifiers of its own that may intervene between the locative and its verb head. In this case, locative nouns take on their own group, alongside subject nouns and object nouns. | ||
'''budai yau | '''budai yau ujadiwi ggarauni va yi.''' | ||
buda-ai yau | buda-ai yau ujadi-wi ggarauni va yi. | ||
walk-TEL 1S.NOM | walk-TEL 1S.NOM house-LAT large COP 1S.POSS. | ||
"I walk to my large house." | "I walk to my large house." | ||
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====Aspect==== | ====Aspect==== | ||
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The Wistanian understanding of aspect is different than what one will find in most natural languages. Rather than conjugating for grammatical aspect, Wistanian conjugates for ''lexical aspect''. In other words, the very definition of a verb may change based on its conjugation. | The Wistanian understanding of aspect is different than what one will find in most natural languages. Rather than conjugating for grammatical aspect, Wistanian conjugates for ''lexical aspect''. In other words, the very definition of a verb may change based on its conjugation. | ||
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|} | |} | ||
'''ila yau aa ujadi il divu ggaun yi | '''ila yau aa ujadi il divu ggaun jyaman va yi.''' | ||
ila -a yau '''aa''' ujadi '''il''' divu '''ggaun''' | ila -a yau '''aa''' ujadi '''il''' divu '''ggaun''' jyam -an va yi. | ||
build-DUR 1S.NOM '''ACC''' house '''INS''' wood '''BEN''' 1S.POSS | build-DUR 1S.NOM '''ACC''' house '''INS''' wood '''BEN''' child-PL COP 1S.POSS. | ||
"I am building a house with wood for my children." | "I am building a house with wood for my children." | ||
====Modal Particles==== | ====Modal Particles==== | ||
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These particles are featured before the verb and indicate [[w:linguistic modality|verbal modality]]. | These particles are featured before the verb and indicate [[w:linguistic modality|verbal modality]]. | ||
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want-ATEL 2S.NOM ACC '''ALTCO''' water '''ALTCO''' juice Q. | want-ATEL 2S.NOM ACC '''ALTCO''' water '''ALTCO''' juice Q. | ||
"Do you want water or juice?" | "Do you want water or juice?" | ||
This alternative coordinating particle is also used to answer multiple choice question. | |||
'''(ja yau) i diyan.''' | |||
ja -a yau i diyan. | |||
want-ATEL 1S.NOM ALTCO juice. | |||
"I want the juice." | |||
===Honorifics=== | ===Honorifics=== | ||
Wistanian has | Wistanian has an [[w: Honorifics_(linguistic)|honorific system]] with several unique features. Honorifics are used for almost everyone: familial relationships and close friendships, authorities and superiors, and people who are younger than you. They are often said after a proper noun and can take nominal morphology and replace 2nd person pronouns. | ||
The formal honorifics one uses depends on the age and respective rank of the second person: | The formal honorifics that one uses depends on the age and respective rank of the second person: | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
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===Colors=== | ===Colors=== | ||
'' | ''needs polishing'' | ||
Colors are particularly significant to the Wistanian culture. As much of their economy revolves around fruits, vegetables, and flowers, and their great responsibility to protect the colorful ajmastones, it is imperative to be able to accurately describe color on a near-daily basis. As a result, Wistanian has a massive vocabulary list dedicated to colors, including unique color terms for "red-orange" and "dark yellow" and three distinct terms for "red". | Colors are particularly significant to the Wistanian culture. As much of their economy revolves around fruits, vegetables, and flowers, and their great responsibility to protect the colorful ajmastones, it is imperative to be able to accurately describe color on a near-daily basis. As a result, Wistanian has a massive vocabulary list dedicated to colors, including unique color terms for "red-orange" and "dark yellow" and three distinct terms for "red". | ||
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</font> | </font> | ||
'''auv lin zun, buda yau | '''auv lin zun, buda yau ayai injai yau aa vaggan ggarauni id.''' | ||
auv lin zun, buda-a yau | auv lin zun, buda-a yau ayai inja-i yau aa vaggan ggarauni id | ||
during one day, walk-ATEL 1S.NOM, | during one day, walk-ATEL 1S.NOM, also find-TEL 1S.NOM ACC log big PROX. | ||
''"One day, I was walking, and I found this big log."'' | ''"One day, I was walking, and I found this big log."'' | ||
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''"and underneath was this tiny little stick."'' | ''"and underneath was this tiny little stick."'' | ||
''' | '''yigai yau vai:''' | ||
yiga -i yau vai: | |||
speak-TEL 1S.NOM 3Si.ACC: | |||
''"And I was like"'' | ''"And I was like"'' | ||