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Rówok: Difference between revisions
→Irrealis stem
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The irrealis stem in conjunction with other verbal infixes and adverbs is used to form: | The irrealis stem in conjunction with other verbal infixes and adverbs is used to form: | ||
#the [[#Potential|potential]] | #the [[#Potential/Precative|potential/precative]] | ||
#the [[#Desiderative|desiderative]] | #the [[#Desiderative|desiderative]] | ||
#the [[#Hortatory/Iussive|hortatory/iussive]] | #the [[#Hortatory/Iussive|hortatory/iussive]] | ||
#the [[#Optative|optative]] | #the [[#Optative|optative]] | ||
#the [[#Subjunctive|subjunctive]] in [[#Reported speech|reported speech]] in contrary to fact [[#Conditionals|conditionals]] | #the [[#Subjunctive|subjunctive]] in [[#Reported speech|reported speech]] in contrary to fact [[#Conditionals|conditionals]] | ||
====Potential==== | ====Potential/Precative==== | ||
The potential | The '''potential''' and '''precative''' are formed using the '''irrealis''' stem in either [[#Aspect and tense|aspect]] along with the [[#Future|future marker]] '''-kXy-/-gXy-'''. Very often these two moods express thoughts that are handled in English with the infinitive, such as "being allowed ''to go''", etc. | ||
The potential has two main functions: | The '''potential''' has two main functions: | ||
# | #Similar to the [[#Participles|future active participle]], the potential can be used to express a state of conditional readiness. | ||
# | #The result of expressions denoting semantics similar to "so that", "in order to", personal sacrifice (I gave him my shows ''to wear''), often translated into English with "might", e.g. "he did everything, ''so he might go''", etc. | ||
The '''precative''' also has one main function: | |||
#As the result of either a request, e.g. "would you ''go with me''", or "am I allowed ''to go with yo''", or a command, e.g. "please/I'm asking you ''(to) go with me''", or "I command you ''to go with me''". | |||
====Desiderative==== | ====Desiderative==== | ||
====Hortatory/Iussive==== | ====Hortatory/Iussive==== | ||