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Tevrés: Difference between revisions
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! scope="col" | Plural | ! scope="col" | Plural | ||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |- style="text-align:center;" | ||
! scope="row" | | ! scope="row" | Direct-Genitive | ||
| ''-e'' | | ''-e'' | ||
| ''-os'' | | ''-os'' | ||
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! scope="col" | Plural | ! scope="col" | Plural | ||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |- style="text-align:center;" | ||
! scope="row" | | ! scope="row" | Direct-Genitive | ||
| ''-Ø, -es, -s'' | | ''-Ø, -es, -s'' | ||
| ''-os'' | | ''-os'' | ||
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===Case=== | ===Case=== | ||
The [[w: | The [[w:direct case|direct]]-[[w:Genitive case|genitive]] case is used to mark the [[w:Subject (grammar)|subject]] of an [[w:Intransitive verb|intransitive verb]], the [[w:Agent (grammar)|agent]] of a [[w:Transitive verb|transitive verb]], or the donor of a [[w:Ditransitive verb|ditransitive verb]] for 3rd person arguments in the split verb paradigm, and 1st and 2nd person arguments in the direct verb paradigm. That is, the person or thing that does the action of the verb. | ||
:{{interlinear | box = yes | :{{interlinear | box = yes | ||
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|'The elder gave the child some pens'}} | |'The elder gave the child some pens'}} | ||
It has another, albeit minor, role in the ergative verb paradigm, where it acts as an [[w:Absolutive case|absolutive case]], marking the patient or direct object when that argument is either the first or second person. Because Tevrés is heavily [[w:Pro-drop language|pro-drop]] and marks 1st and 2nd person patients on verbs in the ergative paradigm these arguments are usually dropped. However, they can be reintroduced for emphasis, and when they are, they appear in the | It has another, albeit minor, role in the ergative verb paradigm, where it acts as an [[w:Absolutive case|absolutive case]], marking the patient or direct object when that argument is either the first or second person. Because Tevrés is heavily [[w:Pro-drop language|pro-drop]] and marks 1st and 2nd person patients on verbs in the ergative paradigm these arguments are usually dropped. However, they can be reintroduced for emphasis, and when they are, they appear in the direct-genitive. | ||
:{{interlinear | box = yes | :{{interlinear | box = yes | ||
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|'The priest sees me'}} | |'The priest sees me'}} | ||
The | The direct-genitive may also be used to express relation, ownership, or other connection between two nouns. In these cases, the modified noun (the ''head'') come first, and the modifying noun (the ''dependant'') second; e.g. ''uy-gotejo-uy-vuestre'' (the elder's cap) not ''**uy-vuestre-uy-gotejo''. Often times these phrases are joined by dashes, as shown in the previous example. When the direct-genitive is used in this way, it is glossed {{interlinear|GEN}}. Furthermore, the definite article ''uy'' in these cases is usually reduced in fast speech and pronounced [i]. | ||
Tevrés [[w:Genitive construction|genitive contstuctions]] may optionally distinguish relationships initiated with or without the dependants control over the head by using prepositions. The following table illustrates the ''a''-genitive and the ''eu''-genitive. In action nouns, the ''eu''-genitive dependant corresponds to the head action's subject, and the ''a''-genitive dependant to its object. Using ''eu'' implies that the dependant is active, influential, or formative towards the head, whilst the use of ''a'' implies that the head is active, influential, or formative towards the dependant. | Tevrés [[w:Genitive construction|genitive contstuctions]] may optionally distinguish relationships initiated with or without the dependants control over the head by using prepositions. The following table illustrates the ''a''-genitive and the ''eu''-genitive. In action nouns, the ''eu''-genitive dependant corresponds to the head action's subject, and the ''a''-genitive dependant to its object. Using ''eu'' implies that the dependant is active, influential, or formative towards the head, whilst the use of ''a'' implies that the head is active, influential, or formative towards the dependant. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;" | ||
|+caption | | |+caption | Direct-genitive-modifying prepositions | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Regular | ! Regular | ||
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! scope="col" | Plural | ! scope="col" | Plural | ||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |- style="text-align:center;" | ||
! scope="row" | | ! scope="row" | direct-Genitive | ||
| ''ul/uy'' | | ''ul/uy'' | ||
| ''llos'' | | ''llos'' | ||