5,468
edits
m (→Pronouns) |
(Added new section on forming compound verbs with gerund, and verb phrase with DO in genitive case of possessive phrase) |
||
Line 621: | Line 621: | ||
The copula originates from two roots, ''ba-'' and ''biy-''. The root ''bi-'' is used to form the Future/Irrealis stem, whilst ''ba-'' forms the rest of the TAM stems. Both ''ba-'' and ''biy-'' are cognate with Ín Duári ''bean'', “to sit, be in a sitting position” | The copula originates from two roots, ''ba-'' and ''biy-''. The root ''bi-'' is used to form the Future/Irrealis stem, whilst ''ba-'' forms the rest of the TAM stems. Both ''ba-'' and ''biy-'' are cognate with Ín Duári ''bean'', “to sit, be in a sitting position” | ||
==== The Verb Phrase ==== | |||
The copula combines with a verbal noun, descended from the Proto-Duaric gerund, to form a compound noun. In Duaric linguistics, this verbal noun is still referred to as a gerund, as it also functions as nominalizers, adjectives, temporal nouns, among other functions. | |||
In intransitive clauses, the gerund precedes the copula and any accompanying auxiliaries: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Birân bagdamin baštâq. | |||
| IPA = /bi'rɒ:n bagda'min baʃ'taɣ/ | |||
| morphemes = birân bagda'mi baʃ'taɣ | |||
| gloss = to.house running was | |||
| translation = He ran home. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Gabagdamin baštâq gureh birân. | |||
| IPA = /gabagda'min baʃ'taɣ gu'rɛh bi'rɒ:n / | |||
| morphemes = ga=bagdamin baštaq birân | |||
| gloss = NEG=running was.not try to.house | |||
| translation = He did not try to run home. | |||
}} | |||
In transitive clauses, the gerund precedes the object, which is inflected in the genitive case, followed by the copula: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Gatâqiv birânen baštâqešan gureh. | |||
| IPA = /gatɒ'ɣiv birɒ'nɛn bagda'min baʃtaɣe'ʃan gu'rɛh/ | |||
| morphemes = ga=tâqiv birân-en baštâq-ešan gureh | |||
| gloss = NEG=burning house-GEN was.not=CAUS try | |||
| translation = He did not try to burn down the house. | |||
}} | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== |
edits