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Verse:Irta/Hebrew: Difference between revisions
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Grammatically, it is SVO like our Israeli Hebrew, but sometimes prefers Ăn Yidiș syntax, e.g. | Grammatically, it is SVO like our Israeli Hebrew, but sometimes prefers Ăn Yidiș syntax, e.g. | ||
* much more willing to use אין for negation in the present tense; (איני, אינך in non-3rd person, אין הוא, אין היא in 3rd person); in our IH these forms are formal/written (bc Gaelic negation comes before subject pronouns). | * much more willing to use אין for negation in the present tense; (איני, אינך in non-3rd person, אין הוא, אין היא in 3rd person); in our IH these forms are formal/written (bc Gaelic negation comes before subject pronouns). /(ze) lo æ'ni/ is a focus construction 'It's not me that...', and אין אני /en æ'ni/ in non 3rd person are solemn. | ||
* Irish/Ăn Yidiș calques in some common expressions | * Irish/Ăn Yidiș calques in some common expressions | ||
** The following are used instead of בבקשה ' | ** The following are used instead of בבקשה for 'please': | ||
*** עם רצונך | *** עם רצונך /im ɹətsʰonˈxɑ/ (lit. 'with your will', a calque of ''lă dă-thel'') or אם זה רצונך /im ze ɹətsʰonˈxɑ/ (''mă șe dă-thel e'') 'please' | ||
*** זה חייך | *** זה חייך /ze xæ'jexɑ/ (lit. 'it's your life', like ''șe dă-bhethă'') 'you're welcome' | ||
*** | *** הנה לך /hi'ne xæ'jexɑ/ (lit. 'this is to you', like ''șa did'') 'here you go' | ||
** רצון איתי ' | ** רצון איתי /ɹɑtsʰon i'θi/ 'I like' (''tel lum''), עדיף איתי /ɑ'ðif i'θi/ 'I prefer' (''fyor lum'') | ||
*** More formally '' | *** More formally /æ'ni ɹo'tsʰe bə-/ = 'I like, I am pleased with', ''ani xofetz bă-'' 'I want' | ||
*** Conversely using the verb אהב ' | *** Conversely using the verb אהב /ɑ'hæv/ is a little formal (more so than English ''love'') and is the equivalent of German ''lieben''. It's more common to hear חבב ''chavav'' for family, friends and lovers. | ||
** '' | ** /hɑjɑ ɹɑ'tsʰon i'θi/ 'I'd like' | ||
** אפשר איתי ' | ** אפשר איתי /efʃɑɹ i'θi/ 'I can' (''efșăr lum'') | ||
** You might hear | ** You might hear /jeʃ li [LANGUAGE]/ for 'I speak [LANGUAGE]': | ||
*** A: ' | *** A: /kʰæ'bel eθ tʰeɹutsʰi, him jeʃ ləxɑ ɑzɑliθ/ 'Excuse me, do you speak English?' | ||
*** B: | *** B: /jeʃ/ 'I do.'/ /en/ 'I do not.' | ||
* Question particles ( | * Question particles (/hæim~him/, /hæ-/ in more formal contexts) are usually retained. Questions don't have a different intonation from declarative sentences. Question marks are not usually used. Yes-no questions are usually answered by repeating the verb in the affirmative/negative. Present-tense copular questions (which have no verb), e.g. /him ʃo'meɹ ɑ'xixɑ æ'θɑ/ 'Are you your brother's keeper?' can be answered in the following ways (This is also true of sentences with a present tense verb): | ||
** | ** /ʃomeɹ ɑχi/ '(Yes, I am) my brother's keeper.' or ''lo šomėr åxi'' '(No, I am) not my brother's keeper.' | ||
** ' | ** /hinə'ni/ 'Yes, I am.' or /e'neni~e'ni/ 'I am not.' | ||
** | ** /hen/ 'indeed' or /lo/ 'no' (the least common) | ||
* It also prefers some coincidentally Gaelic-sounding words, e.g. אַךְ | * It also prefers some coincidentally Gaelic-sounding words, e.g. אַךְ /æx/ 'but' and שָׂשׂ /sɑs/ 'happy' (sounding like Judeo-Gaelic ''ach'' 'but' and ''sostă'' 'satisfied') instead of the synonyms אֲבָל /ævɑl/ and שָׂמֵחַ /sɑ'meæx/. כה /kʰo/ is as common as כל כך /kʰol'kʰɑx/ for 'so (ADJ)'. | ||
* Tenses are similar to our Modern Hebrew tenses but the '' | * Tenses are similar to our Modern Hebrew tenses but the /hɑ'jɑ ox'el/ construction is more common. | ||
** היה הוא אוכל = Past imperfective/progressive/conditional (corresponds to V'e ăg ith) | ** היה הוא אוכל = Past imperfective/progressive/conditional (corresponds to V'e ăg ith) | ||
** הוא אוכל = Present | ** הוא אוכל = Present | ||
** הוא אכל = Past perfective | ** הוא אכל = Past perfective | ||
** הוא יאכל = Future | ** הוא יאכל = Future | ||
* Loazit | * Loazit /-tsʰjɑ/ '-tion' is borrowed directly from Latin ''-tiō'', via Ăn Yidiș/Tsarfati Hebrew ''-țyo'' | ||
* Prepositions can be weird, esp ' | * Prepositions can be weird, esp /æl/ 'on' and /im/ 'with' (mapped to Irish ''ar'' and ''le'') | ||
* It's also as focus-prominent as Ăn Yidiș and Irish. Irishy cleft constructions are common. | * It's also as focus-prominent as Ăn Yidiș and Irish. Irishy cleft constructions are common. | ||
* ani "I" is sometimes pronounced | * ani "I" is sometimes pronounced [ɪni]; this is a regionalism and is rare nowadays | ||
Names in non-Hebrew Jewish languages written in the Hebrew alphabet, such as [[Ăn Yidiș]], are usually spelled as in the original language. | Names in non-Hebrew Jewish languages written in the Hebrew alphabet, such as [[Ăn Yidiș]], are usually spelled as in the original language. | ||
* | * /kʰæðeɹex/ = 'directly', matched to Irish ''díreach'' | ||
* Ireland = אירין ' | * Ireland = אירין /e'ɹin/ | ||
* Irish person = איריני, איריניה, אירינים '' | * Irish person = איריני, איריניה, אירינים /eɹi'ni, eɹini'jɑ, eɹi'nim/ | ||
* Irish language = אירינית ' | * Irish language = אירינית /eɹi'niθ/ | ||
* Hivantish = | * Hivantish = /hivæn'di, hivændi'jɑ, hivæn'dim; hivæn'diθ/ | ||
Some Hebrew poets in the 19th century wrote in an adapted form of the Irish ''dán díreach'' (or a version of ''cynghanedd''?); they assumed penultimate stress like some of our Modern Hebrew poets. | Some Hebrew poets in the 19th century wrote in an adapted form of the Irish ''dán díreach'' (or a version of ''cynghanedd''?); they assumed penultimate stress like some of our Modern Hebrew poets. | ||