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====Onset clusters==== | ====Onset clusters==== | ||
In phonological notation, valid onset clusters fall into the following categories. (This table serves as a summary, a more "human-readable" explanation follows below.) The colour coding of categories is reflected in the reference tables. | |||
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0, 36, 72, 108, 144, 180, 216, 252, 288, 324 | |||
HSL 0, 100, 86 #ffb8b8 | |||
HSL 30, 100, 86 #ffdcb8 | |||
HSL 60, 100, 86 #ffffb8 | |||
HSL 90, 100, 86 #dcffb8 | |||
HSL 150, 100, 86 #b8ffdc | |||
HSL 180, 100, 86 #b8ffff | |||
HSL 210, 100, 86 #b8dcff | |||
HSL 240, 100, 86 #b8b8ff | |||
HSL 270, 100, 86 #dcb8ff | |||
HSL 330, 100, 86 #ffb8dc | |||
--> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- style="line-height: 1.2em; font-size: 80%;" | |||
! Category: | |||
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #ffb8b8;" | 1 | |||
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #ffdcb8;" | 2 | |||
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #ffffb8;" | 3 | |||
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #dcffb8;" | 4 | |||
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #b8ffdc;" | 5 | |||
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #b8ffff;" | 6 | |||
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #b8dcff;" | 7 | |||
! colspan=3 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #b8b8ff;" | 8 | |||
! colspan=3 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #dcb8ff;" | 9 | |||
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #ffb8dc;" | 10 | |||
|- | |||
! Type | |||
<!-- 1 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | F | |||
| L | |||
<!-- 2 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | F | |||
| /l/ | |||
<!-- 3 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | F | |||
| N | |||
<!-- 4 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | F | |||
| /n/ | |||
<!-- 5 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | P | |||
| L | |||
<!-- 6 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | P | |||
| /r/ | |||
<!-- 7 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | P | |||
| /s/ | |||
<!-- 9 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | F | |||
| P | |||
| (L) | |||
<!-- 10 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | F | |||
| P | |||
| (/r/) | |||
<!-- 8 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | /p, k, g/ | |||
| /n/ | |||
|- style="line-height: 1.2em; font-size: 80%;" | |||
! style="font-size:125%;" | Features | |||
<!-- 1 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | ‑ALV | |||
| style="background-color: #ccc;" | | |||
<!-- 2 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | +ALV | |||
| style="background-color: #ccc;" | | |||
<!-- 3 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | ‑LAB | |||
| style="background-color: #ccc;" | | |||
<!-- 4 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | +LAB | |||
| style="background-color: #ccc;" | | |||
<!-- 5 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | ‑ALV | |||
| style="background-color: #ccc;" | | |||
<!-- 6 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | +ALV | |||
| style="background-color: #ccc;" | | |||
<!-- 7 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | ‑VOI | |||
| style="background-color: #ccc;" | | |||
<!-- 8 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | +ALV | |||
| ‑ALV<br />+VOI | |||
| style="background-color: #ccc;" | | |||
<!-- 9 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | +ALV | |||
| +ALV<br />+VOI | |||
| style="background-color: #ccc;" | | |||
<!-- 10 --> | |||
| style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #ccc;" colspan=3 | | |||
|- | |||
|+ align=bottom style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | <div style="margin-top:0.5em;"><div style="float:left; margin-right: 1em;">Key: </div><div style="float:left;">'''F''' fricative / '''L''' liquid / '''N''' nasal / '''P''' stop<br />'''{{sc|alv}}''' alveolar / '''{{sc|lab}}''' labial / '''{{sc|voi}}''' voiced</div></div> | |||
|} | |||
'''Fricatives''' can form diconsonantal onset clusters only with nasals and liquids <u>except</u>: | |||
* The alveolar fricative cannot form an onset cluster with the alveolar tap. | |||
* The labiodental fricative cannot form an onset cluster with the bilabial nasal. | |||
The alveolar fricative can also form onset clusters with voiceless stops. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Initial fricative | |+ Initial fricative | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! /f/ | ! /f/ | ||
| style="background-color: # | | style="background-color: #ccc;" | | ||
| style="background-color: # | | style="background-color: #ccc;" | | ||
| style="background-color: # | | style="background-color: #ccc;" | | ||
| style="background-color: # | | style="background-color: #ccc;" | | ||
| ⟨fn⟩ | | style="background-color: #dcffb8;" | ⟨fn⟩ | ||
| ⟨fr⟩ | | style="background-color: #ffb8b8;" | ⟨fr⟩ | ||
| ⟨fl⟩ | | style="background-color: #ffb8b8;" | ⟨fl⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /s/ | ! /s/ | ||
| ⟨sp⟩ | | style="background-color: #b8b8ff;" | ⟨sp⟩ | ||
| ⟨st⟩ | | style="background-color: #dcb8ff;" | ⟨st⟩ | ||
| ⟨sk⟩ | | style="background-color: #b8b8ff;" | ⟨sk⟩ | ||
| ⟨sm⟩ | | style="background-color: #ffffb8;" | ⟨sm⟩ | ||
| ⟨sn⟩ | | style="background-color: #ffffb8;" | ⟨sn⟩ | ||
| style="background-color: # | | style="background-color: #ccc;" | | ||
| ⟨sl⟩ | | style="background-color: #ffdcb8;" | ⟨sl⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /x/ | ! /x/ | ||
| style="background-color: #ccc;" | | |||
| style="background-color: #ccc;" | | |||
| style="background-color: #ccc;" | | |||
| style="background-color: #ffffb8;" | ⟨hm⟩ | |||
| style="background-color: #ffffb8;" | ⟨hn⟩ | |||
| style="background-color: #ffb8b8;" | ⟨hr⟩ | |||
| style="background-color: #ffb8b8;" | ⟨hl⟩ | |||
|} | |||
Triconsonantal clusters all begin with an '''alveolar fricative''' followed by a '''voiceless stop''': | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Initial s‑cluster | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! /r/ | |||
! /l/ | |||
|- | |||
! /sp/ | |||
| style="background-color: #b8b8ff;" | ⟨spr⟩ | |||
| style="background-color: #b8b8ff;" | ⟨spl⟩ | |||
|- | |||
! /st/ | |||
| style="background-color: #dcb8ff;" | ⟨str⟩ | |||
| style="background-color: #aaa;" | | | style="background-color: #aaa;" | | ||
| | |- | ||
| style="background-color: # | ! /sk/ | ||
| style="background-color: #b8b8ff;" | ⟨skr⟩ | |||
| style="background-color: # | | style="background-color: #b8b8ff;" | ⟨skl⟩ | ||
| | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! /p/ | ! /p/ | ||
| ⟨ps⟩ | | style="background-color: #b8dcff;" | ⟨ps⟩ | ||
| ⟨pn⟩ | | style="background-color: #ffb8dc;" | ⟨pn⟩ | ||
| ⟨pr⟩ | | style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨pr⟩ | ||
| ⟨pl⟩ | | style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨pl⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /b/ | ! /b/ | ||
| style="background-color: #aaa;" | | | style="background-color: #aaa;" | | ||
| style="background-color: #aaa;" | | | style="background-color: #aaa;" | | ||
| ⟨br⟩ | | style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨br⟩ | ||
| ⟨bl⟩ | | style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨bl⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /t/ | ! /t/ | ||
| ⟨ts⟩ | | style="background-color: #b8dcff;" | ⟨ts⟩ | ||
| style="background-color: #aaa;" | | | style="background-color: #aaa;" | | ||
| ⟨tr⟩ | | style="background-color: #b8ffff;" | ⟨tr⟩ | ||
| style="background-color: #aaa;" | | | style="background-color: #aaa;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="background-color: #aaa;" | | | style="background-color: #aaa;" | | ||
| style="background-color: #aaa;" | | | style="background-color: #aaa;" | | ||
| ⟨dr⟩ | | style="background-color: #b8ffff;" | ⟨dr⟩ | ||
| style="background-color: #aaa;" | | | style="background-color: #aaa;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /k/ | ! /k/ | ||
| ⟨ks⟩ | | style="background-color: #b8dcff;" | ⟨ks⟩ | ||
| ⟨kn⟩ | | style="background-color: #ffb8dc;" | ⟨kn⟩ | ||
| ⟨kr⟩ | | style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨kr⟩ | ||
| ⟨kl⟩ | | style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨kl⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /g/ | ! /g/ | ||
| style="background-color: #aaa;" | | | style="background-color: #aaa;" | | ||
| | | style="background-color: #ffb8dc;" | ⟨gn⟩ | ||
| style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨gr⟩ | |||
| style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨gl⟩ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| style="background-color: # | |||
|} | |} | ||
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