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Tonuao: Difference between revisions
→Phonology: initial consonant derivation
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The complex syllables of {{PAGENAME}} are clearly much more limited. | The complex syllables of {{PAGENAME}} are clearly much more limited. | ||
=== Derivation === | |||
Middle Chinese (MC) had much more complex syllables than were possible in any of the language influenced by it. {{PAGENAME}} tries to be equal to CJKV languages by taking an average derivational position. First, it considers the initial consonant in MC | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|+ Correspondences of initial consonants | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Middle Chinese | |||
! rowspan="2" | Sino-Vietnamese | |||
! rowspan="2" | Sino-Korean | |||
! colspan="3" | Sino-Japanese | |||
! rowspan="2" | {{PAGENAME}} | |||
|- | |||
! Go-on !! Kan-on !! Tōsō-on | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Labials | |||
| 幫 p || p > b || rowspan="3" | p/ph || rowspan="2" | ɸ > h || rowspan="3" | ɸ > h || rowspan="3" | ɸ > h | |||
! rowspan="3" | p | |||
|- | |||
| 滂 ph || rowspan="2" | pʰ, b > b/ph/v | |||
|- | |||
| 並 b || b | |||
|- | |||
| 明 m || m > m/v || m || m || b<ref>Yields ''m-'' in syllables ending in original ''-ng''.</ref> || m | |||
! m | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" | Dentals | |||
| 端 t || t > đ || rowspan="3" | t/th || rowspan="2" | t || rowspan="3" | t || rowspan="3" | t | |||
! rowspan="3" | t | |||
|- | |||
| 透 th || tʰ > th | |||
|- | |||
| 定 d || d > đ || d | |||
|- | |||
| 泥 n || n || n || n || d<ref>Yields ''n-'' in syllables ending in original ''-ng''</ref> || n | |||
! n | |||
|- | |||
| 來 l || l || l || r || r || r | |||
! l | |||
|- | |||
! Retroflex nasal | |||
| 娘 ɳ | |||
| || || || || | |||
! ny | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | Retroflex stops | |||
| 知 tr || ʈ > tr || rowspan="6" | c/ch || rowspan="2" | t || rowspan="3" | t || rowspan="17" | s | |||
! rowspan="3" | t | |||
|- | |||
| 徹 trh || ʂ > s | |||
|- | |||
| 澄 dr || ɖ > tr || d | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="6" | Dental sibilants | |||
| 精 ts || s > t || rowspan="2" | s || rowspan="14" | s | |||
! rowspan="5" | s | |||
|- | |||
| 清 tsh || ɕ > th | |||
|- | |||
| 從 dz || rowspan="3" | s > t || z | |||
|- | |||
| 心 s || rowspan="2" | s || s | |||
|- | |||
| 邪 z || z | |||
|- | |||
| 俟 ʒ | |||
| || || | |||
! rowspan="10" | sy | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Retroflex sibilants | |||
| 莊 tsr || ʈ > tr || rowspan="3" | c/ch || rowspan="2" | s | |||
|- | |||
| 初 tsrh || rowspan="3" | ʂ > s | |||
|- | |||
| 崇 dzr || z | |||
|- | |||
| 生 sr || s || rowspan="3" | s | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="7" | Palatals | |||
| 章 tsy || c > ch || rowspan="2" | c/ch | |||
|- | |||
| 昌 tsyh || tʃ > x | |||
|- | |||
| 禪 dzy || rowspan="3" | ɕ > th || rowspan="3" | s || z | |||
|- | |||
| 書 sy || s | |||
|- | |||
| 船 zy || z | |||
|- | |||
| 日 ny || ɲ > nh || z > ∅ || n || z || z | |||
! ny | |||
|- | |||
| 以 y | |||
| || || || || | |||
! y | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Velars | |||
| 見 k || k > c/g || rowspan="2" | k/h || rowspan="2" | k || rowspan="3" | k || rowspan="3" | k | |||
! rowspan="3" | k | |||
|- | |||
| 溪 kh || kʰ > kh | |||
|- | |||
| 群 g || ɡ > c || k || rowspan="2" | g | |||
|- | |||
| 疑 ng || ŋ > ng || h || g || g | |||
! rowspan="2" | ø | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | Laryngeals | |||
| 影 ʔ || ʔ > y || ∅ || ∅ || ∅ || rowspan="3" | ∅ | |||
|- | |||
| 曉 x || rowspan="2" | h || rowspan="2" | h || k || rowspan="2" | k | |||
! rowspan="2" | h | |||
|- | |||
| 匣 h || ɣ > g/w | |||
|- | |||
! None | |||
| 云 ø | |||
| || || || || | |||
! ø | |||
|} | |||
== Syntax == | == Syntax == | ||