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Luthic: Difference between revisions
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All [[w:Transitive verb|transitive verbs]] and most [[w:Intransitive verb|intransitive verbs]] form the present perfect by combining the auxiliary verb ''havere'' “to have” in the present tense with the past participle of the transitive verb. A small number of intransitive verbs, namely ''vessare'' itself and verbs indicating motion (''qemare'' “to come”, ''ganare'' “to go”, ''affargiare'' “to arrive”, etc.) use the auxiliary verb vessare instead of ''havere''. The past participle in this agrees with gender and number of the subject. Passive forms always use ''havere''. | All [[w:Transitive verb|transitive verbs]] and most [[w:Intransitive verb|intransitive verbs]] form the present perfect by combining the auxiliary verb ''havere'' “to have” in the present tense with the past participle of the transitive verb. A small number of intransitive verbs, namely ''vessare'' itself and verbs indicating motion (''qemare'' “to come”, ''ganare'' “to go”, ''affargiare'' “to arrive”, etc.) use the auxiliary verb vessare instead of ''havere''. The past participle in this agrees with gender and number of the subject. Passive forms always use ''havere''. | ||
====Imperfect==== | |||
The Imperfect fuses [[w:Past tense|past tense]] with [[w:Imperfective aspect|imperfective aspect]] and is used for: | |||
* Repeated or habitual actions in the past; | |||
* Ongoing actions in the past and ongoing actions in the past that are eventually interrupted; | |||
* States of being and conditions in the past, including weather, time, age. | |||
The difference between imperfective and [[w:Perfective aspect|perfective aspects]] can be illustrated clearly with the verb ''vitare'' “to know”. The Italian imperfect expresses being in possession of knowledge in the past, while the perfective expresses the moment of acquiring the knowledge. | |||
Imperfective: ''Vitavȯ la vera''. “I knew the truth.” Perfective: ''Hô vitato la vera''. “I found out the truth.” | |||
The Imperfect is, in most cases, formed by taking the stem along with the thematic vowel and adding ''-v-'' + the ending of the ''-are'' verbs in the present tense (with ''-amos'' instead of ''-iamos''). There are no irregular conjugations in the Imperfect except for a few forms inherited from Gothic [[w:Germanic weak verb|weak verbs]], suppletion, and ''vessare,'' which uses the stem ''er-'' and ''-v-'' appears only in 1st and 2nd person plurals. | |||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||