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Luthic: Difference between revisions
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→Characteristics of Paulistan Luthic
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* '''e-[[w:Prothesis (linguistics)|prosthesis]]:''' In word-initially /sC/ clusters, e-prosthesis is triggered: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''stare'' > Paulistan Luthic ''estare''. | * '''e-[[w:Prothesis (linguistics)|prosthesis]]:''' In word-initially /sC/ clusters, e-prosthesis is triggered: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''stare'' > Paulistan Luthic ''estare''. | ||
* '''degemination:''' Paulistan Luthic lacks geminate consonants: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''soffiare'' [[IPA for Luthic|[soɸˈɸja.re]]] > Paulistan Luthic [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan Luthic| | * '''degemination:''' Paulistan Luthic lacks geminate consonants: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''soffiare'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[soɸˈɸja.re]]] > Paulistan Luthic [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan Luthic|[soˈfja.re]]] | ||
[soˈfja.re]]] | |||
* '''thorn stopping and voicing:''' A similar process that happened with southern [[w:German dialects|German dialects]], the [[w:High German consonant shift|High German consonant shift]]: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''þû'' > Paulistan Luthic ''du'' | * '''thorn stopping and voicing:''' A similar process that happened with southern [[w:German dialects|German dialects]], the [[w:High German consonant shift|High German consonant shift]]: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''þû'' > Paulistan Luthic ''du'' | ||
* '''edh stopping:''' /ð/ is fortified to /d/ in every position: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''faðar'' > Paulistan Luthic ''fadre'' | * '''edh stopping:''' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|/ð/]] is fortified to [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan Luthic|/d/]] in every position: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''faðar'' > Paulistan Luthic ''fadre'' | ||
* '''r-[[w:Metathesis (linguistics)|metathesis]]:''' r-stem nouns ending in -ar are always reanalised as -re: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''broþar'' > Paulistan Luthic ''brodre'' | * '''r-[[w:Metathesis (linguistics)|metathesis]]:''' r-stem nouns ending in -ar are always reanalised as -re: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''broþar'' > Paulistan Luthic ''brodre'' | ||
* '''/t, d/ palatalisation before /i, ĩ, j/:''' In most of Portuguese varieties spoken in Brazil, the variable palatalisation of alveolar stops turns consonants /t, d/ into affricates [t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ], this highly affected Paulistan Luthic: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''Lûthica'' [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈlu.ti.xɐ]]], ''di'' [[IPA for | * '''[[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan Luthic|/t, d/]] palatalisation before [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan Luthic|/i, ĩ, j/]]:''' In most of Portuguese varieties spoken in Brazil, the variable palatalisation of alveolar stops turns consonants /t, d/ into affricates [t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ], this highly affected Paulistan Luthic: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''Lûthica'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈlu.ti.xɐ]]], ''di'' [[IPA for Luthicv|[di]]] > Paulistan Luthic ''Lútica'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[ˈlu.t͡ʃi.kɐ]]], ''di'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[d͡ʒi]]] | ||
* '''rhotic:''' The trill consonant [[w:Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_trills#Voiced_alveolar_trill|/r/]] is fully displaced by a tap consonant [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps|/ɾ/]], of which may be also described as an approximant [[w:Voiced alveolar and postalveolar approximants|/ɹ/]] pre-consonantal: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''rasda'' [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈraz.dɐ]]], ''barca'' [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈbar.kɐ]]] > Paulistan Luthic ''rasda'' | * '''rhotic:''' The trill consonant [[w:Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_trills#Voiced_alveolar_trill|/r/]] is fully displaced by a tap consonant [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps|/ɾ/]], of which may be also described as an approximant [[w:Voiced alveolar and postalveolar approximants|/ɹ/]] pre-consonantal: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''rasda'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈraz.dɐ]]], ''barca'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈbar.kɐ]]] > Paulistan Luthic ''rasda'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[ˈɾaz.dɐ]]], ''barca'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[ˈbaɹ.kɐ]]]. Due to Paulistano influence, word-initial rhotics are often realised as [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|/ʁ/]] ~ [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|/h/]], resulting in ''rasda'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[ˈʁaz.dɐ]]] ~ [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[ˈhaz.dɐ]]], a great example is Standard Ravennese Luthic ''rapportu'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[rɐpˈpɔr.tu]]] and Paulistan Luthic ''rapporto'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[ʁɐˈpɔɹ.tu]]] ~ [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[hɐˈpɔɹ.tu]]] | ||
* '''lack of Gorgia Tuscana:''' Paulistan Luthic doesn't spirantise atonic plosives: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''capu'' [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈka.fu]]] > Paulistan Luthic ''capo'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[ˈka.pu]]] | * '''lack of Gorgia Tuscana:''' Paulistan Luthic doesn't spirantise atonic plosives: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''capu'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈka.fu]]] > Paulistan Luthic ''capo'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[ˈka.pu]]] | ||
* '''i-[[w:Epenthesis|epenthesis]]:''' Word-terminally plosives are affected by i-epenthesis: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''ac'' [[IPA for Luthic|[ɐx]]], ''ist'' [[IPA for Luthic|[ist]]] > Paulistan Luthic ''ac'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[ɐ.kĭ]]], ''est'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[es.t͡ʃĭ]]], this may also be considered a kind of [[w:Paragoge|paragoge]]. This may also happen in consonant clusters if if the second consonant is not /ɾ/ or /l/, resulting in ''opziune'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|/opˈsju.ne/]] > [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[opiˈsju.ni]]] | * '''i-[[w:Epenthesis|epenthesis]]:''' Word-terminally plosives are affected by i-epenthesis: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''ac'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ɐx]]], ''ist'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ist]]] > Paulistan Luthic ''ac'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[ɐ.kĭ]]], ''est'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[es.t͡ʃĭ]]], this may also be considered a kind of [[w:Paragoge|paragoge]]. This may also happen in consonant clusters if if the second consonant is not /ɾ/ or /l/, resulting in ''opziune'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|/opˈsju.ne/]] > [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[opiˈsju.ni]]] | ||
* '''deaffrication:''' the palatalised forms of /t/, /k/ and /ɡ/, are realised as /s/, /s/ and /ʒ/ retrospectively: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''dicidere'' [[IPA for Luthic|[di.t͡ʃiˈde.re]]], ''geva'' [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈd͡ʒe.βɐ]]] > Paulistan Luthic ''dicidere'' [[w:Help:IPA|[d͡ʒi.siˈde.ɾe]]], ''geva'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[ˈʒe.vɐ]]] and Standard Ravennese Luthic Luthic ''ziu'' (from Latin [[wikt:thius#Latin|thīus]]) [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈt͡si.u]]] > Paulistan Luthic ''zio'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[ˈsi.u ~ ˈzi.u]]]. In some cases, where /t͡s/ is voiced to /d͡z/, it is realised as /z/ | * '''deaffrication:''' the palatalised forms of [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|/t/]], [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|/k/]] and [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|/ɡ/]], are realised as [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan Luthic|/s/]], [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan Luthic|/s/]] and [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan Luthic|/ʒ/]] retrospectively: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''dicidere'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[di.t͡ʃiˈde.re]]], ''geva'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈd͡ʒe.βɐ]]] > Paulistan Luthic ''dicidere'' [[w:Help:IPA|[d͡ʒi.siˈde.ɾe]]], ''geva'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[ˈʒe.vɐ]]] and Standard Ravennese Luthic Luthic ''ziu'' (from Latin [[wikt:thius#Latin|thīus]]) [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈt͡si.u]]] > Paulistan Luthic ''zio'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[ˈsi.u ~ ˈzi.u]]]. In some cases, where [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|/t͡s/]] is voiced to [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|/d͡z/]], it is realised as [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan Luthic|/z/]] | ||
* '''nasalisation:''' like Paulitano, Paulistan Luthic nasalises every vowel before a nasal in NV.N-: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''banana'' [[IPA for Luthic|[bɐˈna.nɐ]]] > Paulistan Luthic ''banana'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[bɐˈnɐ̃.nɐ]]] | * '''nasalisation:''' like Paulitano, Paulistan Luthic nasalises every vowel before a nasal in NV.N-: Standard Ravennese Luthic ''banana'' [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[bɐˈna.nɐ]]] > Paulistan Luthic ''banana'' [[IPA for Luthic#Paulistan_Luthic|[bɐˈnɐ̃.nɐ]]] | ||
Main orthographical differences: | Main orthographical differences: | ||