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Bearlandic: Difference between revisions
→Conjugation
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===Conjugation=== | ===Conjugation=== | ||
====Weak verbs==== | ====Weak verbs==== | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
! | |||
! "walk" | |||
! "shoot" | |||
! "improve" | |||
! "need" | |||
! "leave" | |||
|- | |||
! Present | |||
| lop | |||
| sgit | |||
| byterr | |||
| bi-húf | |||
| aus-dwyn, dwyn aus | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| lop-ti | |||
| sgit-<font color="red">i</font> | |||
| byterr-ti | |||
| bi-húf-ti | |||
| aus-dwyn-ti, dwyn-ti aus | |||
|- | |||
! Perfect | |||
| gi-lop-t | |||
| gi-sgit-<font color="red">Ø</font> | |||
| gi-byterr-t | |||
| <font color="red">bi</font>-húf-t | |||
| aus-gi-dwyn-t | |||
|- | |||
! Infinitive | |||
| lop-ē | |||
| sgit-ē | |||
| byt<font color="red">r</font>-ē | |||
| bi-hú<font color="red">v</font>-ē | |||
| aus-dwyn-ē | |||
|- | |||
! Present participle | |||
| lop-nē | |||
| sgit-nē | |||
| byt<font color="red">re</font>-nē | |||
| bi-húf-nē | |||
| aus-dw<font color="red">in</font>-nē | |||
|- | |||
! Past participle | |||
| gi-lop-t-nē | |||
| gi-sgit-<font color="red">Ø</font>-nē | |||
| gi-byterr-t-nē | |||
| <font color="red">bi</font>-húf-t-nē | |||
| aus-gi-dwyn-t-nē | |||
|} | |||
There are a few minor irregularities (marked in red in the table above) which are all fully predictable: | |||
* Verbs ending in -t don't add an extra t in the past and perfect forms. | |||
* Verbs ending in -n do add an extra n in the present participle, causing the preceding vowel to become short. If this vowel is y, it becomes i. If the verb already has a short vowel, the participle is written with three consecutive n's, but there is no change in pronunciation. | |||
* Verbs with a disyllabic root drop the second vowel in the infinitive and the present participle. In the latter form, this would result in an unpronounceable consonant cluster which is broken up by an /ə/ directly before the ending. | |||
* If the stem ends in a short f or s, this final fricative becomes voiced in the infinitive. | |||
* Verbs beginning with an unstressed prefix don't add an extra prefix in the perfect forms. | |||
* Verbs beginning with a stressed prefix are separable. Depending on the context, the prefix may be separated from the stem in the present and past tenses, and in the perfect, the gi- prefix comes between the separable prefix and the stem. | |||
====Strong verbs==== | ====Strong verbs==== | ||
Strong verbs are conjugated just like weak verbs, but additionally feature some vowel changes. These vowel changes can be summarised like this. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
! Present | |||
! Past | |||
! Perfect | |||
|- | |||
| a | |||
| i | |||
| o | |||
|- | |||
| a | |||
| i | |||
| short i | |||
|- | |||
| e | |||
| a | |||
| o | |||
|- | |||
| e | |||
| a | |||
| short i | |||
|- | |||
| i | |||
| a | |||
| o | |||
|- | |||
| o | |||
| i | |||
| short i | |||
|- | |||
| y | |||
| i | |||
| short i | |||
|} | |||
The infinitive of strong verbs always has either an y or a short i, depending on the length of the stem vowel. | |||
Some examples: | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
! | |||
! "carry" | |||
! "stand" | |||
! "weigh" | |||
! "read" | |||
! "win" | |||
! "come" | |||
! "write" | |||
|- | |||
! Present | |||
| barr | |||
| stass | |||
| veg | |||
| les | |||
| winn | |||
| komm | |||
| sgryf | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| birrti | |||
| stissti | |||
| vagti | |||
| lasti | |||
| wannti | |||
| kimmti | |||
| sgrifti | |||
|- | |||
! Perfect | |||
| giborrt | |||
| gistisst | |||
| givoggt | |||
| gilisst | |||
| giwonnt | |||
| gikimmt | |||
| gisgrifft | |||
|- | |||
! Infinitive | |||
| birrē | |||
| stissē | |||
| vygē | |||
| lyzē | |||
| winnē | |||
| kimmē | |||
| sgryvē | |||
|- | |||
! Present participle | |||
| barrnē | |||
| stassnē | |||
| vegnē | |||
| lesnē | |||
| winnnē | |||
| kommnē | |||
| sgryfnē | |||
|- | |||
! Past participle | |||
| giborrtnē | |||
| gistisstnē | |||
| givoggtnē | |||
| gilisstnē | |||
| giwonntnē | |||
| gikimmtnē | |||
| gisgrifftnē | |||
|} | |||
====Irregular verbs==== | ====Irregular verbs==== | ||