User:IlL/Spare pages 1/5: Difference between revisions

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|nativename = ''Tsjoen-naet''
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|region = Bjeheond
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Revision as of 21:03, 4 February 2018

IlL/Spare pages 1/5
Tsjoen-naet
Pronunciation[/tʂœn nɛt/]
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Tricin
Wiobic
  • IlL/Spare pages 1/5
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

IlL/Spare pages 1/5 (English: /tʃərn/ chern; native name: Tsjoen-naet /tʂœn nɛt/) is an official language in Tsjoen-Gjeost and several other countries, and a lingua franca in Bjeheond.

Todo

Avoid

  • feok, keont

To translate

Orthography

Phonology

Tsjoen has an average-sized (~25, depending on who's counting) consonant inventory and a rather large (10) vowel inventory.

Consonants

IlL/Spare pages 1/5 consonants
  Labial Alveolar Lateral Medial Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t/ tj /t͡ɕ/ k /k/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ dj /d͡ʑ/ g /g/
Fricative voiceless f /f/ s /s/ sj /ɧ/ hj /ç/ h /h/
voiced v /v/ z /z/
Affricate ts /ts/ tsj /tʂ/
Resonant w /w/ r /r/ l /l/ zj /ɹ/ j /j/

Notes

  • t d h are pronounced like tj dj hj before /i/ and /y/.

Vowels

Tsjoen has 10 vowel phonemes. There are no diphthongs.

Front Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
Close i /i/ y /y/ eu /ɯ/ u /u/
Close-mid e /e/ oe /ø~œ/ o /o/
Open-mid ae /ɛ/ eo /ʌ~ɔ/
Open a /a/

Some linguists consider eu to actually be a non-palatalizing allophone of i.

eo is reduced to [ə] in unstressed syllables.

Stress

Stress is always initial.

Phonotactics

  • The most common roots are C(v/j)V, C(v/j)VC(C), C(v/j)VC(C)V, C(v/j)VC(C)VC. (The initial C(v/j) is optional)
  • /ji, jɯ, vɯ, vu/ are prohibited.
  • Initial /ŋ/ is prohibited, as in both Sino-Korean and Swedish.

Intonation

Morphology

Syntax

Basic typology

Tsjoen grammar is mostly analytic and SVXO. Genitives and adjectives precede nouns: relative clauses follow nouns. Both pre- and postpositions are used.

Xi taek oseor eukng ti fjuxt.
I speak of love and hate.
Hveol ngeo mul kjom xi hi?
Are you saving it for me?
Baheod tjaleo.
Eagles exist.

Noun phrases

  1. $NOUN can mean both 'a $NOUN' and '$NOUNs'; in general, number distinctions cannot be made without a classifier.
  2. CLF $NOUN means 'the $NOUN' or 'the $NOUNs'; the number depends on whether the classifier is singular or plural.
  3. bae $CLF $NOUN means 'this $NOUN'; hjeo $CLF $NOUN means 'that $NOUN'.
  4. $ADJ $NOUN and $VERB fo $NOUN means 'an $ADJ $NOUN' or 'a $NOUN that $VERBs'.
  5. $NOUN CLF $REL_CLAUSE = 'a $NOUN $REL_CLAUSE; see the section on clauses.
  6. (With numbers) $NOUN $N CLF = '$N $NOUN(s)'; CLF $NOUN $N CLF = 'the $N $NOUN(s).

Verb phrases

Grammaticalization happens readily in Tsjoen, as evinced by the sheer number of auxiliaries and particles in the language.

TAM

Lots of TAM particles

  • progressive va < "be at/in" like Celtic
  • non-immediate future ho < "mean to"
  • almost < "approach"
  • overdo < "cross"
  • take the initiative to < "take"
  • try X-ing < "taste"
  • may < "get"
  • please < "be pleased to"

Serial verbs?

Clauses

The copula is o.

Relative clauses

Resumptive pronoun: lje

Miscellaneous

Poetry

A Tsjoen meter is a set number of syllables per line, commonly with a division of each line into (usually two) sub-lines of certain lengths.

Alliteration is essential in Tsjoen poetry; traditionally, one creates a sense of rhythm by using alliteration in certain patterns such as:

  1. the beginning syllables of sub-lines, e.g. in the pattern a ... | a ... or a ... | [...] | a ...
  2. syllables within lines or sub-lines, e.g. a a a _ ‖ b b b _ ‖ c c c _ ‖ d d d _
  3. the above two may be combined, e.g. a _ a ... | b _ b ... ‖ b _ b ... | c _ c ... ‖ c _ c ... | d _ d ...

Non-traditional assonance schemes are used in modern poetry and in whimsical, quasi-Hofstadterian "riddle poems".

An example of a couplet with 4+4-lines:

Tsals ftjud txeob reodj ‖ tsop hjaeg jeopng;
dusp ny mjav pnje, ‖ dvots lats fjeltjar.

"Telegraphic" syntax à la Classical Chinese, i.e. not using classifiers and grammatical particles, is relatively common in "classical" poetry.

Sample texts

Otsn, xi-ingk o Saxmatezj Svad, ti xi-blotp o Tsjoen-blotp.

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