User:IlL/Spare pages 1/69

Al-Ȝarebyddo is an alternative history Arabic inspired by Welsh and Praimhín's Vrushka; it is intended to be a Welshy counterpart to our Arabic which is more Irishy.

Diachronics

Conditioning factors: before or after emphatic consonants, stress

Umlaut (before non-emphatic consonants)

• a-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /a e o a: e: o: ai au/
• i-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /ɛ i ü e: i: ü: ɛi aü/ (a: > e: already by imāla)
• u-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /œ ü u œ: ü: u: ɔi ɛu/

Loss of vowel length after umlaut; loss of geminates

alif > 0

yā' > /ð/ dde

ḍād > /ɬ/ llawd

sīn, shīn, ṣād > /s ʃ ɧ/ sin, šin, sjawd

ṭā' > /p/ ex. ṭayyib > peddyb /pɛðəb/ 'good'

tā' > /t/

ẓā' > /ð/, /v/, /ɣ/ (randomly) ex. ghebi /ɣɛbi/ 'gazelle'; fwhr /vuhər/ 'noon'

qāf > /k/ c, kāf > /tʃ/ č

jīm > /g/

fā > /v/

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental/Alveolar	Medial	Palatal	Velar	Radical	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/
Plosive	plain	p /pʰ/	t /tʰ/		ĉ /tʃ/	c /kʰ/		ʔ /ʔ/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d/			g /g/
Non-sibilant	unvoiced		th /θ/			ch /χ/	ħ /ħ/	h /h/
	voiced	f /v/	dd /ð/			gh /ʁ/	ȝ /ʕ/
Sibilant	unvoiced		s /s/	sj /ɧ/	ŝ /ʃ/
	voiced		z /z/
Lateral	unvoiced		ll /ɬ/
	voiced		l /l/
Trill			r /r/

Vowels

a e i o w y ø u /a ɛ i ɔ u ə œ y/ + lots of diphthongs

Morphology

Nouns and adjectives

choer (nom), chaer (acc), cheir (gen) 'good' (masc. sg)

chaero (nom), chaera (acc), chaere (gen) 'good' (fem. sg.)

try to save as much declension as possible

-a (feminine)

-o/-ae (dual)

-u/-i (masculine plural)

-ot/-aet (feminine plural)

ʔaxḍar, xaḍrā, xuḍr is regularized to ʔachllar, ʔachllara, ʔachlleru, ʔachllarot 'green'

broken plurals - ?