Verse:Mwail/Anbirese: Difference between revisions
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
}} | }} | ||
''' | '''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (''amphiriv'' /amphiriv/) is a major [[Talmic]] language descended from [[Tigol]], inspired by Ancient Greek, Sino-Korean, Etruscan, Romani, and the Slavic languages. Compared to its relative [[Skellan]], it has a relatively conservative verb system. On the planet of [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]] ({{SUBPAGENAME}}: ''i Smaouch'' /i smaukh/), it is an analogue of German in terms of influence. {{SUBPAGENAME}} is the official language of the Talman nation [[Verse:Tricin/Anbir|Anbir]] and of former colonies in Cualuav and Txapoalli; it is the largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers, though most modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} speakers know Skellan. Like most modern Talmic languages, {{SUBPAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. Like with German, there is a Standard {{SUBPAGENAME}} and various regiolects. | ||
Thanks in large part to the printing press, Modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, {{SUBPAGENAME}} still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages. | Thanks in large part to the printing press, Modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, {{SUBPAGENAME}} still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages. | ||
==External history== | ==External history== | ||
{{SUBPAGENAME}} began as ''Tíogall'', which was a thought experiment posing the question "What would Irish look like with umlaut instead of palatalization?". For a while it developed as an Irish-German hybrid. At one point I decided to remove all "giblangs" from modern Tricin, or languages with the aesthetics of one natlang (unless the premise was funny, like [[Bhlaoighne]] or [[Clofabosin]]). Since Tíogall was basically an Irish with German characteristics, it was abandoned. I still felt that Talmic languages needed somewhat more internal diversity (in particular, a "German" analogue to Skellan's "English"), so I decided to revive this project as "Anvyrese" or "Anvirese". One thing that was still nagging me was that the grammar was still too German for a country with a Germany-like history, so I decided to swap a minority Tigolic language "Tumaka" with "Anvirese", and this is the result. | |||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
*obey < TELIC + 'listen' (like in Þiús'k) | *obey < TELIC + 'listen' (like in Þiús'k) | ||
| Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
*Numbers: cia, tzyth, nesch, doiph, solitzh, stav, roith, loith, barph, cheour, echi, crai | *Numbers: cia, tzyth, nesch, doiph, solitzh, stav, roith, loith, barph, cheour, echi, crai | ||
*Swadesh list | *Swadesh list | ||
*Tigol > | *Tigol > {{SUBPAGENAME}} sound changes | ||
**How do syllabic resonants arise? | **How do syllabic resonants arise? | ||
**e.g. imm- > syllabic nasal | **e.g. imm- > syllabic nasal | ||
| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
**ae ao aoi > e aou oi | **ae ao aoi > e aou oi | ||
**ia ua uai > jia oua oui | **ia ua uai > jia oua oui | ||
**jV changes the ''t'' series to the ''tz'' series - leaves other consonants unchanged in standard | **jV changes the ''t'' series to the ''tz'' series - leaves other consonants unchanged in standard {{SUBPAGENAME}} | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
plus, | plus, {{SUBPAGENAME}} has "accusativus in infinitivo"! | ||
le could be omitted before indefinite nouns in modern | le could be omitted before indefinite nouns in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} | ||
but Maith Sivy always used it | but Maith Sivy always used it | ||
that's one way of distinguishing archaic from modern | that's one way of distinguishing archaic from modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} | ||
another could be the use of the pronoun 'fiar' | another could be the use of the pronoun 'fiar' | ||
which in modern | which in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} was completely replaced with 'scid' | ||
ca-ephyth = of that | ca-ephyth = of that | ||
ca-leth = that (acc.) | ca-leth = that (acc.) | ||
| Line 131: | Line 131: | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
{{SUBPAGENAME}} verbs have two tenses (nonpast and past) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). The imperfective-perfective distinction is characterized by the absolute-conjunct allomorphy inherited from [[Tigol]]: As in Slavic languages, the perfective form is often formed by adding a prefix, which causes the verb stem to take the conjunct form. However, the perfective is sometimes marked with ablaut. Most {{SUBPAGENAME}} verbs thus have two principal parts: imperfective and perfective. | |||
An example of the aspect allomorphy: | An example of the aspect allomorphy: | ||
| Line 144: | Line 144: | ||
===Copula=== | ===Copula=== | ||
{{SUBPAGENAME}} is zero copula in the present tense; ''fou'', ''si'', ''jy'' and ''thar'' can be used as present tense copulas. | |||
The past tense copula is ''lathn'' and the infinitive is ''fath''. | The past tense copula is ''lathn'' and the infinitive is ''fath''. | ||
| Line 154: | Line 154: | ||
===Prepositions=== | ===Prepositions=== | ||
*le = accusative (le + i > len) (only used with definite nouns in modern | *le = accusative (le + i > len) (only used with definite nouns in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}}) | ||
**''le-na, (le-s,) l-ou, l-i, l-eth, l-em, lef, lec, lur'' | **''le-na, (le-s,) l-ou, l-i, l-eth, l-em, lef, lec, lur'' | ||
*dze = in, at (dze + i > dzen) | *dze = in, at (dze + i > dzen) | ||
| Line 163: | Line 163: | ||
===Conjunctions=== | ===Conjunctions=== | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
{{SUBPAGENAME}} is particularly rich in non-finite subordinate clause constructions, which may be used when English uses subordinate clauses with finite verbs. | |||
===Negation=== | ===Negation=== | ||
The negation particle is ''da'' (preposed) for imperatives and ''tzin'' (preposed; from Tigol *ter ní- 'not once') otherwise. | The negation particle is ''da'' (preposed) for imperatives and ''tzin'' (preposed; from Tigol *ter ní- 'not once') otherwise. | ||
| Line 174: | Line 174: | ||
===Word order=== | ===Word order=== | ||
{{SUBPAGENAME}} word order is primarily SVO, but may be VSO in more archaic or literary usage. | |||
===Accusative with infinitive=== | ===Accusative with infinitive=== | ||