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| ===Pronouns=== | | ===Pronouns=== |
| Second person plural pronouns and verbs are used for politeness, and first person paucal is used for humility in very formal situations. Subject and direct object forms are usually omitted, except for topicalization or focusing. The short forms are adpositional object forms, which follow the adposition unlike other NPs.
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| The third person pronouns only refer to animates.
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style="width: 1000px; text-align: center;"
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| ! colspan="11" | Personal pronouns
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| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px;" | Case !! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px;" | Zeroth person !! colspan="3" | First person !! colspan="3" | Second person !! colspan="3" | Third person
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Paucal !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Paucal !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Paucal !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural
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| ! Nominative
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| |''ˀagáˀ''||''ˀaghd''||''ˀadú''||''ˀadáˀ''||''ˀann''||''ˀannú''||''ˀannáˀ''||''héhh''||''hennú''||''hennáˀ''
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| ! Accusative
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| |''ˀácháˀ'', ''cháˀ''||''ˀaghtí'', ''tí''||''ˀáthú'', ''thú''||''ˀátháˀ'', ''tháˀ''||''ˀání'', ''ní''||''ˀánú'', ''nú''||''ˀánáˀ'', ''náˀ''||''hethí'', ''hí''||''hethú'', ''hú''||''hetháˀ'', ''háˀ''
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| ! Genitive
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| |''ˀáchái''<sup>N</sup>, ''chái''<sup>N</sup>||''ˀaghím''<sup>N</sup>, ''ghím''<sup>N</sup>||''ˀáthann''<sup>L</sup>, ''thann''<sup>L</sup>||''ˀáthái''<sup>N</sup>, ''thái''<sup>N</sup>||''ˀaním''<sup>N</sup>, ''ním''<sup>N</sup> ||''ˀánann''<sup>L</sup>, ''nann''<sup>L</sup>||''ˀánái''<sup>N</sup>, ''nái''<sup>N</sup>||''hím''<sup>N</sup>||''hann''<sup>L</sup>||''hái''<sup>N</sup>
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| ! Instrumental
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| |''ˀáchnáˀ''<sup>L</sup>, ''chnáˀ''<sup>L</sup>||''ˀaghámh'', ''ghámh''||''ˀátháigh'', ''tháigh''||''ˀáthgháˀ''<sup>L</sup>, ''thagháˀ''<sup>L</sup>||''ˀanámh'', ''námh''||''ˀánáigh'', ''náigh''||''ˀán·gháˀ''<sup>L</sup>, ''nagháˀ''<sup>L</sup>||''hámh''||''háigh''||''hagháˀ''<sup>L</sup>
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| ! Locative
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| |''ˀáchín'', ''chín''||''ˀaghámh'', ''ghámh''||''ˀáthéim''<sup>N</sup>, ''théim''<sup>N</sup>||''ˀáthín'', ''thín''||''ˀanámh'', ''námh''||''ˀánéim''<sup>N</sup>, ''néim''<sup>N</sup>||''ˀánín'', ''nín''||''hámh''||''héim''<sup>N</sup>||''hín''
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| |}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style="width: 270px; text-align: center;"
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| ! colspan="3" | Interrogative pronouns
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | Case !! style="width: 90px;" | 'who' !! style="width: 90px;" | 'what'
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| ! Nominative
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| | ''mí'' || ''ˀéi<sup>N</sup>''
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| ! Accusative
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| | ''máˀ'' || ''ˀéi<sup>N</sup>''
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| ! Genitive
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| | ''méi''<sup>L</sup> || ''ˀayyéi''<sup>L</sup>
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| ! Instrumental
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| | ''mím'' || ''ˀéigh''
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| ! Locative
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| | ''mím'' || ''ˀéim''
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| |}
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| The demonstrative pronoun is used adnominally or pronominally. It may be used as a pronoun for inanimates.
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| Having arisen from historical gemination, the demonstrative pronoun resists mutations.
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style="width: 360px; text-align: center;"
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| ! colspan="4" | Demonstrative pronoun
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | Case !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Paucal !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural
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| ! Direct
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| | ''dí'' || ''lú'' || ''cáˀ''
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| ! Genitive
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| | ''déi''<sup>L</sup> || ''lann''<sup>L</sup> || ''cái''<sup>N</sup>
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| ! Instrumental
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| | ''dágh'' || ''léigh'' || ''cagháˀ''
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| ! Locative
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| | ''dó'' || ''léim''<sup>N</sup> || ''cín''
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| |}
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| There is another demonstrative pronoun, ''nadí'', meaning 'that other' (similar to "obviative") or 'the former'. As in French or German, demonstratives do not encode distance; a place word (such as ''zán'' 'here', ''rán'' 'there', ''lehalán'' 'the following') is necessary in order to deictize the noun more precisely.
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| ===Verbs=== | | ===Verbs=== |