Glommish/de: Difference between revisions
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|colspan="6"| ''biten'' | |colspan="6"| ''biten'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Auch: ''szczínen, szczin, szczinen'' 'leuchten', ''dríven, driv, driven'' 'laufen', ''klíven, kliv, kliven'' 'kleben', ''vríten, vrit, vriten'' 'schreiben' | Auch: ''szczínen, szczin, szczinen'' 'leuchten', ''dríven, driv, driven'' 'laufen', ''klíven, kliv, kliven'' 'kleben', ''vríten, vrit, vriten'' 'schreiben'. | ||
=====2. Klasse===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''czúzen'' 'wählen'''' | |||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | |||
|- | |||
! Präsens | |||
| ''czúze'' || ''czúzier'' || ''czúzieþ'' || ''czúzem'' || ''czúzieþ'' || ''czúzenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! Konjunktiv I | |||
| ''czúze'' || ''czúzer'' || ''czúze'' || ''czúzem'' || ''czúzeþ'' || ''czúzenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! Präteritum | |||
| ''czóz'' || ''czóze'' || ''czóz'' || ''czózem'' || ''czózeþ'' || ''czózenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! Imperativ | |||
| ''-'' || ''czúzь!'' / ''czúzie!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''czúzieþ!'' || ''-'' | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="7"| | |||
|- | |||
! Aktivpartizip | |||
|colspan="6"| ''czúzend'' | |||
|- | |||
! Passivpartizip | |||
|colspan="6"| ''czuzen'' | |||
|} | |||
Auch: ''biúden, biód, biuden'' 'bieten', ''biúgen, bióg, biugen'' 'sich bücken', ''fliúgen, flióg, fliugen'' 'fliegen', ''fliún, flió, flióen'' 'fliehen', ''friúzen, frióz, friuzen'' 'gefrieren', ''liúzen, lióz, liuzen'' 'verlieren'. | |||
=====3. Klasse===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''binden'' 'binden'''' | |||
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''binde'' || ''bindier'' || ''bindieþ'' || ''bindem'' || ''bindieþ'' || ''bindenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| ''binde'' || ''binder'' || ''binde'' || ''bindem'' || ''bindeþ'' || ''bindenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| ''biand'' || ''biande'' || ''biand'' || ''biandem'' || ''biandeþ'' || ''biandenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! imperative | |||
| ''-'' || ''bindь!'' / ''bindie!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''bindieþ!'' || ''-'' | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="7"| | |||
|- | |||
! present participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''bindend'' | |||
|- | |||
! past participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''biunden'' | |||
|} | |||
Auch: ''bieżinen, bieżan, bieżunen'' 'beginnen'; ''briénen, brián, briónen'' 'brennen (intransitiv)'; ''drinken, driank, driunken'' 'trinken'; ''finþen, fianþ, fiunþen'' 'finden'; ''grinden, griand, griunden'' 'mahlen'; ''riénen, rián, riónen'' 'fließen'; ''springen, spriang, spriungen'' 'springen'; ''simben, siamb, siumben'' 'singen'; ''þrimben, þriamb, þriumben'' 'schieben'. | |||
=====Strong class 4===== | |||
In {{PAGENAME}}, Proto-Germanic class 3b strong verbs have merged with class 4 strong verbs. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''biaren'' 'to carry, to give birth'''' | |||
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''biare'' || ''b'''ie'''rier'' || ''b'''ie'''rieþ'' || ''biarem'' || ''b'''ie'''rieþ'' || ''biarenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| ''biare'' || ''biarer'' || ''biare'' || ''biarem'' || ''biarþ'' || ''biarenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| ''biár'' || ''biáre'' || ''biár'' || ''biárem'' || ''biárþ'' || ''biárenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! imperative | |||
| ''-'' || ''bierь!'' / ''bierie!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''bierieþ!'' || ''-'' | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="7"| | |||
|- | |||
! present participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''biarend'' | |||
|- | |||
! past participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''biuren'' | |||
|} | |||
Also: ''briaken, briák, briuken'' 'break', ''niamen, niám, niumen'' 'take', ''piamen, piám, piumen'' 'come', ''driasken, driásk, driusken'' 'thresh', ''stiarven, stiárv, stiurven'' 'long (for)', ''viarpen, viárp, viurpen'' 'throw' | |||
=====Strong class 5===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''żaven'' 'to give'''' | |||
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''żave'' || ''ż'''e'''vier'' || ''ż'''e'''vieþ'' || ''żavem'' || ''ż'''e'''vieþ'' || ''żavenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| ''żave'' || ''żaver'' || ''żave'' || ''żavem'' || ''żaveþ'' || ''żavenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| ''gav'' || ''gave'' || ''gav'' || ''gavem'' || ''gaveþ'' || ''gavenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! imperative | |||
| ''-'' || ''żevь!'' / ''żevie!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''żevieþ!'' || ''-'' | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="7"| | |||
|- | |||
! present participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''żavend'' | |||
|- | |||
! past participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''żaven'' | |||
|} | |||
Also: ''driapen, drap, driapen'' 'hit', ''ferżaten, fergat, ferżaten'' 'forget', ''liazen, laz, liazen'' 'read', ''sión, siá, sión'' 'see'. There are also the j-present verbs ''bidien, biad, biaden'' 'beg, pray', ''lieżen, liag, liagen'' 'lie' | |||
=====Strong class 6===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''graven'' 'to dig'''' | |||
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''grave'' || ''gravier'' || ''gravieþ'' || ''gravem'' || ''gravieþ'' || ''gravenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| ''grave'' || ''graver'' || ''grave'' || ''gravem'' || ''graveþ'' || ''gravenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| ''gráv'' || ''gráve'' || ''gráv'' || ''grávem'' || ''gráveþ'' || ''grávenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! imperative | |||
| ''-'' || ''gravь!'' / ''gravie!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''gravieþ!'' || ''-'' | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="7"| | |||
|- | |||
! present participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''gravend'' | |||
|- | |||
! past participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''graven'' | |||
|} | |||
Also: ''slagen, slág, slagen'' 'kill', ''standen, stánd, standen'' 'stand', ''vaksen, váks, vaksen'' 'grow', ''vasken, vásk, vasken'' 'wash', ''jaten, ját, jaten'' 'eat' (reclassified from class 5) | |||
=====Strong class 7===== | |||
halden, hýld, halden - to hold | |||
liáten, lít, liáten - to let | |||
====Preterite-present verbs==== | |||
=====''viten'' 'to know'===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''viten'' 'to know'''' | |||
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''výt'' || ''výt'' || ''výt'' || ''vitem'' || ''viteþ'' || ''vitenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| ''vite'' || ''viter'' || ''vite'' || ''vitem'' || ''viteþ'' || ''vitenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| ''vistь'' || ''vistie'' || ''vistь'' || ''vistiem'' || ''vistieþ'' || ''vistienь'' | |||
|- | |||
! imperative | |||
| ''-'' || ''výt!'' / ''výte!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''viteþ!'' || ''-'' | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="7"| | |||
|- | |||
! present participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''vitend'' | |||
|- | |||
! past participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''vist'' | |||
|} | |||
=====''kunen'' 'can, be able to'===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''kunen'' 'can'''' | |||
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''kan'' || ''kan'' || ''kan'' || ''kunem'' || ''kunþ'' || ''kunenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| ''kune'' || ''kuner'' || ''kune'' || ''kunem'' || ''kuneþ'' || ''kunenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| ''kundь'' || ''kundie'' || ''kundь'' || ''kundiem'' || ''kundieþ'' || ''kundienь'' | |||
|} | |||
Similarly ''skulen'' 'shall, should', ''þurven'' 'have to'. | |||
=====''dóren'' 'dare'===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''dóren'' 'dare'''' | |||
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''dóre'' || ''dórer'' || ''dórþ'' || ''dórem'' || ''dórþ'' || ''dórenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| ''dóre'' || ''dórer'' || ''dóre'' || ''dórem'' || ''dóreþ'' || ''dórenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| ''durstь'' || ''durstie'' || ''durstь'' || ''durstiem'' || ''durstieþ'' || ''durstienь'' | |||
|} | |||
The present has regularized. The past/conditional tense is still irregular from common use: | |||
*''Fí durstie þú...'' = How dare you... | |||
*''Ik durstь yncz erbaren þí ansvar.'' = I wouldn't dare reveal the answer. | |||
=====''mogen'' 'may, have a possibility of'===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''mogen'' 'have a possibility of'''' | |||
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''mag'' || ''mag'' || ''mag'' || ''mogem'' || ''mogeþ'' || ''mogenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| ''moge'' || ''moger'' || ''moge'' || ''mogem'' || ''mogeþ'' || ''mogenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| ''mochtь'' || ''mochtie'' || ''mochtь'' || ''mochtiem'' || ''mochtieþ'' || ''mochtienь'' | |||
|} | |||
=====''máten'' 'be permitted to'===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''máten'' 'be permitted to'''' | |||
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''mát'' || ''mát'' || ''mát'' || ''mátem'' || ''máteþ'' || ''mátenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| ''máte'' || ''máter'' || ''máte'' || ''mátem'' || ''máteþ'' || ''mátenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| ''mástь'' || ''mástie'' || ''mástь'' || ''mástiem'' || ''mástieþ'' || ''mástienь'' | |||
|} | |||
=====''vín'' 'want'===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''vín'' 'want'''' | |||
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''ví'' || ''ví'' || ''ví'' || ''vím'' || ''víþ'' || ''vínь'' | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| ''vilie'' || ''vilier'' || ''vilie'' || ''viliem'' || ''vilieþ'' || ''vilienь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| ''vildь'' || ''vildie'' || ''vildь'' || ''vildiem'' || ''vildieþ'' || ''vildienь'' | |||
|} | |||
====Other irregular verbs==== | |||
=====''bión'' 'be'===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''bión'' 'to be'''' | |||
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''ém'' || ''jer'' || ''isь'' || ''sim'' || ''siþ'' || ''sinь'' | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| ''bió'' || ''biór'' || ''bió'' || ''bióm'' || ''bióþ'' || ''biónь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| ''vas'' || ''vast'' || ''vas'' || ''viárem'' || ''viárþ'' || ''viárenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past subjunctive | |||
| ''viárь'' || ''viárie'' || ''viárь'' || ''viáriem'' || ''viárieþ'' || ''viárienь'' | |||
|- | |||
! imperative | |||
| ''-'' || ''bió!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''bióþ!'' || ''-'' | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="7"| | |||
|- | |||
! present participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''biónd'' | |||
|- | |||
! past participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''viáren'' | |||
|} | |||
=====''dán'' 'do'===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''dán'' 'to do'''' | |||
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''dá'' || ''dár'' || ''dáþ'' || ''dám'' || ''dáþ'' || ''dánь'' | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| ''dá'' || ''dár'' || ''dá'' || ''dám'' || ''dáþ'' || ''dánь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| ''dié'' || ''diést'' || ''dié'' || ''diém'' || ''diéþ'' || ''diénь'' | |||
|- | |||
! imperative | |||
| ''-'' || ''dá!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''dáþ!'' || ''-'' | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="7"| | |||
|- | |||
! present participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''dánd'' | |||
|- | |||
! past participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''dán'' | |||
|} | |||
=====''gán'' 'go, (future tense auxiliary)'===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | |||
|+ '''''gán'' 'to go, (future tense auxiliary)'''' | |||
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''gá'' || ''gár'' || ''gáþ'' || ''gám'' || ''gáþ'' || ''gánь'' | |||
|- | |||
! subjunctive | |||
| ''gá'' || ''gár'' || ''gá'' || ''gám'' || ''gáþ'' || ''gánь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past indicative | |||
| ''żang'' || ''żange'' || ''żang'' || ''żangem'' || ''żangeþ'' || ''żangenь'' | |||
|- | |||
! past subjunctive<sup>1</sup> | |||
| ''żenь'' || ''żenie'' || ''żenь'' || ''żeniem'' || ''żenieþ'' || ''żenienь'' | |||
|- | |||
! imperative | |||
| ''-'' || ''gá!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''gáþ!'' || ''-'' | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="7"| | |||
|- | |||
! present participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''gánd'' | |||
|- | |||
! past participle | |||
|colspan="6"| ''żangen'' | |||
|} | |||
<sup>1</sup> Grammaticalized as a counterfactual marker. | |||
Also: ''fán, fiang, fiangen'' - to get, to obtain | |||
====Andere unregelmäßige Verben==== | ====Andere unregelmäßige Verben==== | ||