Tevrés: Difference between revisions

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The word ''[[Contionary:tevrés#Tevr.C3.A9s|tevrés]]'' descends from [[Coeñar_Aerānir|Aeranir]] ''tibōris'' (stress shifted to match accusative ''tibōrissin''), referring to the Tiborer, an Anderian tribe which settled throughout Hileria in the wake of the Aeranid Empire.  The Tiborer also lent their name to Tevrén, from ''tibōrāniun''.
The word ''[[Contionary:tevrés#Tevr.C3.A9s|tevrés]]'' descends from [[Coeñar_Aerānir|Aeranir]] ''tibōris'' (stress shifted to match accusative ''tibōrissin''), referring to the Tiborer, an Anderian tribe which settled throughout Hileria in the wake of the Aeranid Empire.  The Tiborer also lent their name to Tevrén, from ''tibōrāniun''.


All Hilero-Aeranid languages, including Ilesse, which is technically an Eastern-Aeranid language, are often colloquially referred to as ''[[Contionary:tevrés#Tevr.C3.A9s|tevrés]]''.  The term ''[[Contionary:hileranos#Tevr.C3.A9s|hileranos]]'' is occasionally used for this purpose instead.  The languages of Tevrén Vuy may be called ''[[Tevrés#Articles|lla]] çira vuya'' (proper language), ''[[Tevrés#Articles|llos]] [[Contionary:tevrés#Tevr.C3.A9s|tevrés]] vuis'' (proper Tevrés), or ''vuyanos'' in order to differentiate it from other ''[[Contionary:hileranos#Tevr.C3.A9s|hilerandre]]'' languages.
All Hilero-Aeranid languages, including Ilesse, which is technically an Eastern-Aeranid language, are often colloquially referred to as ''[[Contionary:tevrés#Tevr.C3.A9s|tevrés]]''.  The term ''[[Contionary:hileranos#Tevr.C3.A9s|hileranos]]'' is occasionally used for this purpose instead.  The languages of Tevrén Vuy may be called ''[[Tevrés#Articles|lla]] [[Contionary:çira#Tevr.C3.A9s|çira]] vuya'' (proper language), ''[[Tevrés#Articles|llos]] [[Contionary:tevrés#Tevr.C3.A9s|tevrés]] vuis'' (proper Tevrés), or ''vuyanos'' in order to differentiate it from other ''[[Contionary:hileranos#Tevr.C3.A9s|hilerandre]]'' languages.


==History==
==History==

Revision as of 08:28, 8 July 2019

Tevrés
Hileranos
lla çira tevressa
Pronunciation[[Help:IPA|ʎaˈs̻iɾa tevˈɾes̺a]]
Created byLimius
SettingAvrid
Native toTevrén
EthnicityTevor
Maro-Ephenian
  • Iscaric
    • Aeranid
      • Southeast Epheno-Aeranid
        • Hilero-Aeranid
          • Tevrés
Early forms
Proto-Maro-Ephenian
  • Proto-Iscaric
    • Aeranir
Dialects
  • Southern
  • King's Court
  • Northern
Official status
Official language in
Tevrén
Recognised minority
language in
Fasser, Ucilia, Lower Anderia
Regulated bylla Axes llos Renes
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tevrés (/tevˈɾes̺/), also known as Hileranos (/ileˈɾãnos̺/), or the Tevren Language (lla çira tevressa) is a Southeast Ephenian Aeranid Language originating in the Çien-lli-Tevrén region of northern Hileria, and has around 12 million speakers throughout the nation of Tevrén, where it is the official language, as well as another 100 thousand speakers in Fasser.

Tevrés is a member of the Hilero-Aeranid group of languages, which evolved from several dialects of Late Aeranir spoken in Hileria after the fall of the Aeranid Empire in the 12th century BTC. Tevrés began to blossom as a literary language in the 6th and 7th centuries BTC, mainly from southern port cities under Fasser control, such as Azcotive and Lludazfassín. Modern Tevrés is most heavily influenced by these southern dialects and the dialects spoken around Çien-lli-Tevrén to the north, especially after these two regions were united in 36 BTC into Tevrén Vuy.

Tevrés is closely related to the Hilero-Vallic group of languages in the north east, such as Morrazol. It is less related to Ilesse, which is spoken in the region of Ilea. Nevertheless, these languages are often conflated under the banner of 'Tevrés,' or more specifically 'Hileranos.'

Name of the Language

The word tevrés descends from Aeranir tibōris (stress shifted to match accusative tibōrissin), referring to the Tiborer, an Anderian tribe which settled throughout Hileria in the wake of the Aeranid Empire. The Tiborer also lent their name to Tevrén, from tibōrāniun.

All Hilero-Aeranid languages, including Ilesse, which is technically an Eastern-Aeranid language, are often colloquially referred to as tevrés. The term hileranos is occasionally used for this purpose instead. The languages of Tevrén Vuy may be called lla çira vuya (proper language), llos tevrés vuis (proper Tevrés), or vuyanos in order to differentiate it from other hilerandre languages.

History

Old Tevrés

Old Tevrés refers to the Aeranid language spoken throughout Hileria before the Fasser invasion and throughout its high period.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
Labial Coronal Palatal or
postalveolar
Velar
Lamino-
dental
Apico-
alveolar
Lateral
Nasal m
/m/
n
/n/
ñ
/ɲ/
Plosive p
/p/
t
/t̪/
ch
/tʃ/
c, qu
/k/
Voiced non-sibilant
fricative
v, b
/v/
d
/ð/
y, hi
/ʝ/
g, gu
/ɣ/
Sibilant voiceless f
/f/
ç-, -ç-, -z
/s̻/
s-, -ss-, -s
/s̺/
tl-, -tll-, -tl
/ɬ/
x
/ʃ/
voiced -z-
/z̻/
-s-
/z̺/
-tl-
/ɮ/
j, g
/ʒ/
Rhotic trill r-, -rr-
/r/
tap -r-, -r
/ɾ/
Approximate (hu)
(/w/)
l
/l/
ll
/ʎ/
(hu)
(/w/)

Vowels

Vowel phonemes
Front Central Back
Close i
/i/
u
/u/
Mid e
/e̞/
o
/o̞/
Open a
/ä/

Grammar

Nouns

Case

A regular noun in Tevrés belongs to one of three basic declension classes, a group of nouns with similar inflected forms. These classes are generally typified by the final vowel of the nominative and accusative cases. Class I is identified by the letter -a, class II by -o, and class III by either an -e or a consonant. However, there is significant variation within declension classes, and thus these are further divided into subclasses.

There are five Tevrés noun cases, which also apply to adjectives and pronouns and mark a noun's syntactic role in the sentence by means of inflections. These cases display a high degree of syncretism, or identical endings shared between different cases. This causes ambiguity, which is usually resolved either by use of articles, prepositions, context, or all of the above. Some cases, such as the genitive, are used almost exclusively with the definite article; in indefinite constructions, the ablative plus the preposition el ("from") is used: lla çella uy gom ("the wumbo's cat") versus lla çella el goma ("a/some wumbo's cat").

Tevrés syntax is far less dependant on word order than English because of these cases. Thus "the dog chases the cat" may be either llos çievre lla çella cossa or lla çella llos çievre cossa.

  1. Nominative — used when the noun is the subject. The person or thing acting: the cat ran: lla çella cotllía
  2. Accusative — used when the noun is the direct object of the subject. The person or thing acted upon: the wumbo drank the water: lla goma lla ota teuta
  3. Dative — used when the noun is the indirect object of the sentence, or otherwise then the noun is effected by the action. It may also be used for direction or location of movement or action; I gave a cat to my friend: garino tuyo çella teçía; The cat went home: lla çella como vía
  4. Genitive — used when the noun is the possessor of or connected with an object: "the horse of the wumbo", or "the wumbo's horse"; in both instances, the word man would be in the genitive case when it is translated into Tevrés. It may also indicate the subject of a subjunctive clause; the wumbo's cat: lla çella uy gom; Avil likes the çat Huezco bought him: ável lla çella huez cota moyes
  5. Ablative — used when the noun demonstrates separation or movement from a source, cause, agent or instrument; the cat ran from the dog: lla çella lla çievra cotllía
Class I

Nouns in class I end in -a in both the nominative and accusative singular cases and are mostly cyclical e.g. llaesta c.("luck") and pira c. ("wax"), with a small group of temporary nouns generally referring to occupations, e.g. coxazga t. ("courier").

Class I.a. represents the dominant paradigm of the declension. Class I.b. is the result of the regular sound change of final -o to -e after a coronal consonant, merging the dative and genitive, but is otherwise identical to I.a.. Class I.c. is notable for epenthesis, or the introduction of a sound, to the root in the nominative and dative plurals.

The singular genitive and plural accusative froms of frema, frem, also demonstrate the regular apocope, or dropping, of final unstressed -e after a sonorant or -d.

Class I.a.
salva
c. book, tome
Singular Plural
Nominative salva salvra
Accusative salve
Dative salvo salvra
Genitive salve salvos
Ablative salva salvas
Class I.b.
ota
c. water
Singular Plural
Nominative ota otra
Accusative ote
Dative ote otra
Genitive otos
Ablative ota otas
Class I.c.
frema
c. word, speech
Singular Plural
Nominative frema frembra
Accusative frem
Dative fremo frembra
Genitive frem fremos
Ablative frema fremas
Class II
Class II.a.
dievos
t. lord, master
apo
e. year, age
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative dievos dievre apo apon
Accusative dievo dieve
Dative dievra apra
Genitive dieve dievos ape apos
Ablative dieva apa
Class II.b.
cuentos
t. rear, butt
llente
e. country, land
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative cuentos cuentre llente llenton
Accusative cuente cuente
Dative cuentra llentra
Genitive cuentos llentos
Ablative cuenta llenta
Class II.c.
romos
t. cow, ox
pejo
e. city, town
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative romos rombre pejo pejon
Accusative romo rom
Dative rombra peldra
Genitive rom romos pex pejos
Ablative roma peja
Class II.d.
avre
t. fish
sadre
e. dark, black, blot
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative avre avre sadre sadron
Accusative
Dative avra sadra
Genitive avros sadros
Ablative avra sadra
Class III
Class III.a.
ave
e. sun
Singular Plural
Nominative ave aven
Accusative
Dative avra
Genitive aves avre
Ablative ave aves
Class III.b.
res
t. king, ruler
Singular Plural
Nominative res rendre
Accusative ren ren
Dative rendra
Genitive renes rendre
Ablative ren renes
Class III.c.
tevrés
t.
Singular Plural
Nominative tevrés tevresdre
Accusative tevrés
Dative tevresdra
Genitive tevresses tevresdre
Ablative tevrés tevresses
Class III.d.
huertes
c. death
Singular Plural
Nominative huertes huertre
Accusative huerte huerte
Dative huertra
Genitive huertes huertre
Ablative huerte huertes
Class III.e.
sadiercas
c. darkness
Singular Plural
Nominative sadiercas sarcadre
Accusative sarcad sarcad
Dative sarcadra
Genitive sarcades sarcadre
Ablative sarcad sarcades
Class III.f.
cieres
t. silk
Singular Plural
Nominative cieres cierre
Accusative cier cier
Dative cierra
Genitive cieres
Ablative

Articles

Temporary
Singular Plural
Nominative llos de
Accusative uy/ul lli
Dative llo da
Genitive lli llos
Ablative lla
Cyclical
Singular Plural
Nominative lla da
Accusative uy/ul
Dative llo da
Genitive uy/ul llos
Ablative lla llas
Eternal
Singular Plural
Nominative uy/ul llon
Accusative
Dative llo da
Genitive lli llos
Ablative lla