Verse:Irta/Hebrew: Difference between revisions

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==L-Ashkenazi Hebrew==

L-Ashkenazi Hebrew (in-universe simply "Ashkenazi"), or [[TT-English]] Hebrew, is one of the most conservative modern Lõisian reading traditions (i.e. closest to Tiberian Hebrew). It is really a mapping from Tiberian Hebrew phonemes to English or quasi-English phonemes, so the exact accent would depend on the speaker's native English accent. There is a gap between:

# Normative, careful pronunciation, used by older cantors, and in hymns, song and poetry. This pronunciation is often called ''Ha-Hăvohróh ha-Măcubéleth'' ההברה המקובלת [hahavoːˈɾoː haməʔkʊˈbɛlɛθ], literally 'received pronunciation' or 'accepted pronunciation' (meaning that it was the Hebrew pronunciation passed down by tradition in the Northern Levant at the time it was codified), named after Newton native Rabbi Yitskhác ben Mănakhấm's (יצחק בן מנחם /jɪʔtsˈħaʔk bɛn mənaˈħɛɪm/) 15th century guide ''Ha-Havohróh ha-Măcubéleth'' which described this pronunciation with a mapping to English sounds. It is thought to reflect 15th century English pronunciation in the city of [[Verse:Lõis/Newton|Newton]] which since then developed alongside L-Standard English, but with slightly different changes. It was preferred as a standard to bridge all the dizzying varieties of Hebrew accents at the time.

# Normative, careful pronunciation, used by older cantors, and in hymns, song and poetry. This pronunciation is often called ''Ha-Hăvohróh ha-Măcubéleth'' ההברה המקובלת [hahavoːˈɾoː haməʔkʊˈbɛlɛθ], literally 'received pronunciation' or 'accepted pronunciation' (meaning that it was the Hebrew pronunciation passed down by tradition in the Northern Levant at the time it was codified), named after Newton native Rabbi Yitskhác ben Mănakhấm's (יצחק בן מנחם /jɪʔtsˈħaʔk bɛn mənaˈħɛɪm/) 15th century guide ''Ha-Havohróh ha-Măcubéleth'' which described this pronunciation with a mapping to English sounds. Ben Mănakhấm attempted to create a "mid-Atlantic" Hebrew, a compromise standard between all the different readings of Hebrew he was familiar with. The pronunciation described by ben Mănakhấm is thought to reflect 15th century English pronunciation in the city of [[Verse:Lõis/Newton|Newton]] which since then developed alongside L-Standard English, but with slightly different changes. It was preferred as a standard to bridge all the dizzying varieties of Hebrew accents at the time.

# Natural pronunciation which uses the speaker's native accent, used in other contexts, such as when an average Jew or a rabbi reads Hebrew texts or quotes Hebrew texts in a conversation. Cantors today are usually encouraged to follow their communities' local accents.

# There is yet another register of pronunciation: Hebrew loans in Jewish English usually have a stress shift to penultimate stress and strong vowel reduction, much like Hebrew vocabulary in Yiddish.

Jews started speaking English soon after Tiberian Hebrew niqqud was standardized around AD 900. This was shortly after English underwent the Great Vowel Shift and entered the Northern Levant Sprachbund,

Jews started speaking English soon after Tiberian Hebrew niqqud was standardized around AD 900. This was shortly after English underwent the Great Vowel Shift and entered the Northern Levant Sprachbund.

The colloquial use of penultimately stressed Hebrew words in L-Jewish English (as in our Yiddish) is the source of English words such as ''chutzpah'' (Lõisian orthography: {{angbr|''khutspoh''}}) and ''Torah'' (Lõisian orthography: {{angbr|''Tuoroh''}}; pronounced with the FORCE vowel in Lõis). (If you were wondering, ''oy vey'' comes from a not-specifically-Jewish source: from ''oh woe'' [øɪ vøɪ] in the Eastern English accent that yields our Ashkenazi Hebrew accent when Hebrew is read in it.)

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 ==L-Ashkenazi Hebrew==
 L-Ashkenazi Hebrew (in-universe simply "Ashkenazi"), or [[TT-English]] Hebrew, is one of the most conservative modern Lõisian reading traditions (i.e. closest to Tiberian Hebrew). It is really a mapping from Tiberian Hebrew phonemes to English or quasi-English phonemes, so the exact accent would depend on the speaker's native English accent. There is a gap between:
-# Normative, careful pronunciation, used by older cantors, and in hymns, song and poetry. This pronunciation is often called ''Ha-Hăvohróh ha-Măcubéleth'' ההברה המקובלת [hahavoːˈɾoː haməʔkʊˈbɛlɛθ], literally 'received pronunciation' or 'accepted pronunciation' (meaning that it was the Hebrew pronunciation passed down by tradition in the Northern Levant at the time it was codified), named after Newton native Rabbi Yitskhác ben Mănakhấm's (יצחק בן מנחם /jɪʔtsˈħaʔk bɛn mənaˈħɛɪm/) 15th century guide ''Ha-Havohróh ha-Măcubéleth'' which described this pronunciation with a mapping to English sounds. It is thought to reflect 15th century English pronunciation in the city of [[Verse:Lõis/Newton|Newton]] which since then developed alongside L-Standard English, but with slightly different changes. It was preferred as a standard to bridge all the dizzying varieties of Hebrew accents at the time.
+# Normative, careful pronunciation, used by older cantors, and in hymns, song and poetry. This pronunciation is often called ''Ha-Hăvohróh ha-Măcubéleth'' ההברה המקובלת [hahavoːˈɾoː haməʔkʊˈbɛlɛθ], literally 'received pronunciation' or 'accepted pronunciation' (meaning that it was the Hebrew pronunciation passed down by tradition in the Northern Levant at the time it was codified), named after Newton native Rabbi Yitskhác ben Mănakhấm's (יצחק בן מנחם /jɪʔtsˈħaʔk bɛn mənaˈħɛɪm/) 15th century guide ''Ha-Havohróh ha-Măcubéleth'' which described this pronunciation with a mapping to English sounds. Ben Mănakhấm attempted to create a "mid-Atlantic" Hebrew, a compromise standard between all the different readings of Hebrew he was familiar with. The pronunciation described by ben Mănakhấm is thought to reflect 15th century English pronunciation in the city of [[Verse:Lõis/Newton|Newton]] which since then developed alongside L-Standard English, but with slightly different changes. It was preferred as a standard to bridge all the dizzying varieties of Hebrew accents at the time.
 # Natural pronunciation which uses the speaker's native accent, used in other contexts, such as when an average Jew or a rabbi reads Hebrew texts or quotes Hebrew texts in a conversation. Cantors today are usually encouraged to follow their communities' local accents.
 # There is yet another register of pronunciation: Hebrew loans in Jewish English usually have a stress shift to penultimate stress and strong vowel reduction, much like Hebrew vocabulary in Yiddish.
-Jews started speaking English soon after Tiberian Hebrew niqqud was standardized around AD 900. This was shortly after English underwent the Great Vowel Shift and entered the Northern Levant Sprachbund,
+Jews started speaking English soon after Tiberian Hebrew niqqud was standardized around AD 900. This was shortly after English underwent the Great Vowel Shift and entered the Northern Levant Sprachbund.
 The colloquial use of penultimately stressed Hebrew words in L-Jewish English (as in our Yiddish) is the source of English words such as ''chutzpah'' (Lõisian orthography: {{angbr|''khutspoh''}}) and ''Torah'' (Lõisian orthography: {{angbr|''Tuoroh''}}; pronounced with the FORCE vowel in Lõis). (If you were wondering, ''oy vey'' comes from a not-specifically-Jewish source: from ''oh woe'' [øɪ vøɪ] in the Eastern English accent that yields our Ashkenazi Hebrew accent when Hebrew is read in it.)