Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions

Line 61:

Only the verbal noun and the imperative survive:

:{{heb|טאָם אַ ל'אַסעג נרות חנוכּה.}}

:'''''Tom a łasegh neires ~~hanuco~~.'''

:'''''Tom a łasegh neires hanuce.'''

:/tom ə 'wasəɣ 'neirəs 'hanukə/

:be.PRES 1SG PRES to_light.VN candle-PL Hanukkah

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:{{heb|נאָהּ סקריבו דאָ אות אַר זי שבת!}}

:'''''Noh scrivu do ous ar zi ~~Šabos~~!'''''

:'''''Noh scrivu do ous ar zi šabes!'''''

:PROH write-IMP.PL two character on_day Shabbat

:''Don't write two letters on Shabbat!''

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For stative verbs in imperfective tenses, ''i mo-, i do-, ina-, etc.'' + VN is used:

*''tom i mo-~~chadel~~'' = I sleep

*''tom i mo-chadl'' = I sleep

*''tom i mo-thi'' = I sit

*''tom i mo-šesev'' = I stand

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Like Irish and Hebrew, An Yidiš has masculine and feminine genders. Hebrew words (usually) have the same gender as in Hebrew. There is no grammatical case.

Plurals are more regular, marked with mostly ''-n''/''-an'', or less commonly umlaut of ''a o u'' to ''e e i''.

Plurals are more regular, marked with mostly ''-n''/''-en'', or less commonly umlaut of ''a o u'' to ''e e i''.

Hebrew words often form plurals in unstressed ''-im'' /im/ or ''-ous'' /əs/ but native Celtic words may use them too and not all Hebrew words use the Hebrew plural.

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*נאַהּ־טיש ''nah tiš'' = the houses

*נאַהּ־ל'אַהען ''nah ~~łahen~~'' = the days

*נאַהּ־ל'אַהען ''nah łahn'' = the days

*נאַהּ־מנאָ ''nah mno'' = the women/wives

*נאַהּ אותיות ''nah ~~ousyous~~'' = the letters

*נאַהּ אותיות ''nah ousyes'' = the letters

*נאַהּ סוכּות ''nah ~~sucous~~'' = the booths

*נאַהּ סוכּות ''nah suces'' = the booths

*נאַהּ ניסים ''nah nisim'' = the miracles

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*m.sg.: ףער בּעגּ ''fer beg'' = a short man; אַם ףער בּעג ''am fer beg'' = the short man

*f.sg.: ףיור בֿעגּ ''fyur bheg'' = a short sister; אַן ףֿיור בֿעגּ ''an fhyur bheg'' = the short sister

*pl.: ~~ףערען~~ אָרדע ''~~feren~~ orde'' = tall men; נאַה ~~ףערען~~ אָרדע ''nah ~~feren~~ orde'' = the tall men

*pl.: ףערן אָרדע ''fern orde'' = tall men; נאַה ףערן אָרדע ''nah fern orde'' = the tall men

Comparatives are formed by adding ניס ''nis'' 'more' and עס ''es'' 'most' before the adjective and using the comparative form of the adjective:

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disj. pronouns: מע טו ע אי שין שיב איד me tu e i šin šiv id

emphatic prons: מישע, טוסע, ~~שעשען~~, שישע, שינע, שיבשע, ~~שיצען~~ miše, tuse, ~~šešen~~, šiše, šine, šivše, ~~šitzen~~

emphatic prons: מישע, טוסע, שעשן, שישע, שינע, שיבשע, שיצן miše, tuse, šešn, šiše, šine, šivše, šitzn

emphatic suffixes: -še -se -~~šen~~ -še -ne -še -~~sen~~

emphatic suffixes: -še -se -šn -še -ne -še -sn

Possessive prefixes:

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*אינס אַן צעך ''ins an tzech'' 'in the house'

*אינס אַן אָץ ''ins an otz'' 'in the place'

*אינס נאַה ~~צירען~~ ''ins nah ~~tziren~~'' 'in the countries'

*אינס נאַה צירן ''ins nah tzirn'' 'in the countries'

''i'' + possessive ''a(n)-'': ''ina(n)-''

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====Syntax====

Prepositions stick to every noun in a noun phrase: טאָם ניי פאָל נאַהּ ~~ףרעגּערצען~~ אוֹ מאָ־מֿאָהער איס אוֹ מאָ־בּראָהער ''Tom nei fol nah ~~fregertzen~~ ou mo-mhoher is ou mo-bhroher'' 'I got the answers from my mother and brother'

Prepositions stick to every noun in a noun phrase: טאָם ניי פאָל נאַהּ ףרעגּערצן אוֹ מאָ־מֿאָהער איס אוֹ מאָ־בּראָהער ''Tom nei fol nah fregertzn ou mo-mhoher is ou mo-bhroher'' 'I got the answers from my mother and brother'

===Numerals===

@@ Line 61: / Line 61: @@
 Only the verbal noun and the imperative survive:
 :{{heb|טאָם אַ ל'אַסעג נרות חנוכּה.}}
-:'''''Tom a łasegh neires hanuco.'''
+:'''''Tom a łasegh neires hanuce.'''
 :/tom ə 'wasəɣ 'neirəs 'hanukə/
 :be.PRES 1SG PRES to_light.VN candle-PL Hanukkah
@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 :{{heb|נאָהּ סקריבו דאָ אות אַר זי שבת!}}
-:'''''Noh scrivu do ous ar zi Šabos!'''''
+:'''''Noh scrivu do ous ar zi šabes!'''''
 :PROH write-IMP.PL two character on_day Shabbat
 :''Don't write two letters on Shabbat!''
@@ Line 96: / Line 96: @@
 For stative verbs in imperfective tenses, ''i mo-, i do-, ina-, etc.'' + VN is used:
-*''tom i mo-chadel'' = I sleep
+*''tom i mo-chadl'' = I sleep
 *''tom i mo-thi'' = I sit
 *''tom i mo-šesev'' = I stand
@@ Line 118: / Line 118: @@
 Like Irish and Hebrew, An Yidiš has masculine and feminine genders. Hebrew words (usually) have the same gender as in Hebrew. There is no grammatical case.
-Plurals are more regular, marked with mostly ''-n''/''-an'', or less commonly umlaut of ''a o u'' to ''e e i''.
+Plurals are more regular, marked with mostly ''-n''/''-en'', or less commonly umlaut of ''a o u'' to ''e e i''.
 Hebrew words often form plurals in unstressed ''-im'' /im/ or ''-ous'' /əs/ but native Celtic words may use them too and not all Hebrew words use the Hebrew plural.
@@ Line 138: / Line 138: @@
 *נאַהּ־טיש ''nah tiš'' = the houses
-*נאַהּ־ל'אַהען ''nah łahen'' = the days
+*נאַהּ־ל'אַהען ''nah łahn'' = the days
 *נאַהּ־מנאָ ''nah mno'' = the women/wives
-*נאַהּ אותיות ''nah ousyous'' = the letters
+*נאַהּ אותיות ''nah ousyes'' = the letters
-*נאַהּ סוכּות ''nah sucous'' = the booths
+*נאַהּ סוכּות ''nah suces'' = the booths
 *נאַהּ ניסים ''nah nisim'' = the miracles
@@ Line 152: / Line 152: @@
 *m.sg.: ףער בּעגּ ''fer beg'' = a short man; אַם ףער בּעג ''am fer beg'' = the short man
 *f.sg.: ףיור בֿעגּ ''fyur bheg'' = a short sister; אַן ףֿיור בֿעגּ ''an fhyur bheg'' = the short sister
-*pl.: ףערען אָרדע ''feren orde'' = tall men; נאַה ףערען אָרדע ''nah feren orde'' = the tall men
+*pl.: ףערן אָרדע ''fern orde'' = tall men; נאַה ףערן אָרדע ''nah fern orde'' = the tall men
 Comparatives are formed by adding ניס ''nis'' 'more' and עס ''es'' 'most' before the adjective and using the comparative form of the adjective:
@@ Line 163: / Line 163: @@
 disj. pronouns: מע טו ע אי שין שיב איד me tu e i šin šiv id
-emphatic prons: מישע, טוסע, שעשען, שישע, שינע, שיבשע, שיצען miše, tuse, šešen, šiše, šine, šivše, šitzen
+emphatic prons: מישע, טוסע, שעשן, שישע, שינע, שיבשע, שיצן miše, tuse, šešn, šiše, šine, šivše, šitzn
-emphatic suffixes: -še -se -šen -še -ne -še -sen
+emphatic suffixes: -še -se -šn -še -ne -še -sn
 Possessive prefixes:
@@ Line 197: / Line 197: @@
 *אינס אַן צעך ''ins an tzech'' 'in the house'
 *אינס אַן אָץ ''ins an otz'' 'in the place'
-*אינס נאַה צירען ''ins nah tziren'' 'in the countries'
+*אינס נאַה צירן ''ins nah tzirn'' 'in the countries'
 ''i'' + possessive ''a(n)-'': ''ina(n)-''
@@ Line 206: / Line 206: @@
 ====Syntax====
-Prepositions stick to every noun in a noun phrase: טאָם ניי פאָל נאַהּ ףרעגּערצען אוֹ מאָ־מֿאָהער איס אוֹ מאָ־בּראָהער ''Tom nei fol nah fregertzen ou mo-mhoher is ou mo-bhroher'' 'I got the answers from my mother and brother'
+Prepositions stick to every noun in a noun phrase: טאָם ניי פאָל נאַהּ ףרעגּערצן אוֹ מאָ־מֿאָהער איס אוֹ מאָ־בּראָהער ''Tom nei fol nah fregertzn ou mo-mhoher is ou mo-bhroher'' 'I got the answers from my mother and brother'
 ===Numerals===