Idavic languages: Difference between revisions
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*q G q' > H ayin q | *q G q' > H ayin q | ||
*further shifts: kʷ' > kʷ > xʷ | *further shifts: kʷ' > kʷ > xʷ | ||
*Vowel shifts: ā > | *Vowel shifts: ā > ō > /əʊ/, u > /ɒ/, iw > /ju:/ | ||
*final -ā -ī shorten to -a -i | *final -ā -ī shorten to -a -i | ||
*Loss of initial glottal stop, then loss of non-prevocalic /r/ | *Loss of initial glottal stop, then loss of non-prevocalic /r/ | ||
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Proto-Shalaic nouns were marked for singular and dual and plural numbers. | Proto-Shalaic nouns were marked for singular and dual and plural numbers. | ||
====Weak and strong nouns==== | ====Weak and strong nouns==== | ||
Shalaic nouns could have plurals marked with | Shalaic nouns could have plurals marked with -ā, -ī, ablaut and/or reduplication. Nouns pluralized with a suffix are ''weak nouns'' and nouns pluralized with stem changes are ''strong nouns''. There were broken plurals marked by lengthening the stem vowel; these often developed into singular nouns in Shalaian. | ||
Nouns were usually weak and take plurals marked with suffixes: 'star' is declined as ''ʕā́d'', ''li-ʕā́d'', ''ti-ʕā́d'', ..., with plural ''ʕādā''. | Nouns were usually weak and take plurals marked with suffixes: 'star' is declined as ''ʕā́d'', ''li-ʕā́d'', ''ti-ʕā́d'', ..., with plural ''ʕādā''. | ||
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*''-gʷid'' (i): augmentative | *''-gʷid'' (i): augmentative | ||
*''-t'' (i): verbal noun, resultative | *''-t'' (i): verbal noun, resultative | ||
*''- | *''-āk'' (i): collective | ||
**developed to the ''-akh'' plural in Shalaian | |||
==Lexicon== | ==Lexicon== | ||