User:Ashucky/Sketches: Difference between revisions
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===== Cases ===== | ===== Cases ===== | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 800px;" | ||
! colspan="7" | '''Substantives''' | ! colspan="7" | '''Substantives''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| colspan="2" | -ak | | colspan="2" | -ak/-a/-k | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ergative | ! Ergative | ||
| colspan="2" | -e | | colspan="2" | -e || ''subject of transitive verbs (agent)'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Absolutive | ! Absolutive | ||
| colspan="2" | -Ø | | colspan="2" | -Ø || ''subject of intransitive verbs (argument); object of transitive verbs (patient)'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| -ra || -/? || ''indirect object; complementary with locative for non-human'' | | -ra || -/? || ''indirect object; complementary with locative (or directive?) for non-human'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Directive | ! Directive | ||
| | | -/? || -e > -ye? || ''motion arriving at, position next to; indirect obejct (non-human)'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| -/? || -a || ''motion into, position inside'' | | -/? || -a > -ya? || ''motion into, position inside; rarely used for human'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative 2 | ! Locative 2 | ||
| -/? || -ne | | -/? || -ne | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Terminative | ||
| colspan="2" | -še || ''motion towards'' | | colspan="2" | -še || ''motion towards'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Adverbiative | ! Adverbiative | ||
| colspan="2" | -eš | | colspan="2" | -eš || ''in the manner of < "how?"'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| colspan="2" | -ta | | colspan="2" | -ta || ''place/time from where (non-human); instrument; from the place of X (human)'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Comitative | ! Comitative | ||
| colspan="2" | -da | | colspan="2" | -da || ''with/and, in company'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Equative | ! Equative | ||
| colspan="2" | -gen | | colspan="2" | -gen || ''like/as'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 17:03, 3 March 2014
Sumerian conlang
Phonology
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m [m] | n [n] | ĝ [ŋ] | ||
| Plosive | p [pʰ/p] b [p/b] | t [tʰ/t] d [t/d] | k [kʰ/k] g [k/g] | ||
| Fricative | s [s] | š [ʃ] | h [x] | ||
| Affricate | z [t͡s] (r̂ [t͡sʰ]) | ||||
| Approximant | (y/i [j] ?) | (w/u [w] ?) | |||
| Trill | r [r/ɾ] | ||||
| Flap or tap | (r̂ ?) | ||||
| Lateral app. | l [l] |
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i [i] (ī [i:] ?) | u [u] (ū [u:] ?) |
| Mid | e [e] (ē [e:]?) | (o [o] (ō [o:] ?) ?) |
| Open | a [a] (ā [a:] ?) | |
Grammar
Nouns
Characteristics
NOMINAL CHAIN:
1) [NOUN] + [ADJECTIVE + POSSESSIVE/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN + PLURAL (e)ne] + [CASE]
2) [PRONOUN] + [CASE]
Cases
| Substantives | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Suffixes | Notes | ||||
| Human | Non-h. | |||||
| Genitive | -ak/-a/-k | |||||
| Ergative | -e | subject of transitive verbs (agent) | ||||
| Absolutive | -Ø | subject of intransitive verbs (argument); object of transitive verbs (patient) | ||||
| Dative | -ra | -/? | indirect object; complementary with locative (or directive?) for non-human | |||
| Directive | -/? | -e > -ye? | motion arriving at, position next to; indirect obejct (non-human) | |||
| Locative | -/? | -a > -ya? | motion into, position inside; rarely used for human | |||
| Locative 2 | -/? | -ne | ||||
| Terminative | -še | motion towards | ||||
| Adverbiative | -eš | in the manner of < "how?" | ||||
| Ablative | -ta | place/time from where (non-human); instrument; from the place of X (human) | ||||
| Comitative | -da | with/and, in company | ||||
| Equative | -gen | like/as | ||||