Themsarian/Verbal subparadigms: Difference between revisions

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|''-''
|''-''
|''áub'''iħar'''!''
|''áub'''ivs'''!''
|''áub'''ins'''!''
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|''qvóth'''ħar'''!''
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|''qvóth'''yvt'''''
|''qvóth'''ynt'''''
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|''fáér'''ħar'''!''
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|''néur'''ħar'''!''
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|''ǔog'''ħar'''!''
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|''hēsḗ'''ħar'''!''
|''hēsḗ'''vs'''!''
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|''hēsḗ'''ħare'''''
|''hēsḗ'''vse'''''
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|''hēse'''ḗħar'''''
|''hēse'''ḗvse'''''
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|''hēse'''ḗnse'''''
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|''hēsḗ'''ħart'''''
|''hēsḗ'''vt'''''
|''hēsḗ'''nt'''''
|''hēsḗ'''nt'''''
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|''hílt'''ħar'''!''
|''hílty'''vs'''!''
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|''ínth'''ħar'''!''
|''ínthy'''vs'''!''
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|''ínthy'''vse'''''
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|''ínthy'''vt'''''
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|''vā́c'''ħar'''!''
|''vā́c'''yvs'''!''
|''vā́c'''yns'''!''
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|(''vā́c'''ħare''''')
|(''vā́c'''yvse''''')
|(''vā́c'''ynse''''')
|(''vā́c'''ynse''''')
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|''vā́c'''yvt'''''
|''vā́c'''ynt'''''
|''vā́c'''ynt'''''
|-
|-

Revision as of 14:39, 6 April 2014

Semivowel stems

ı-stems

áubıī́ - attack, strike

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - áubivs! áubins!
2 áubi! áubirs! áubils!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex áubıī áubidir áubima
1.in - áubivse áubinse
2 áubir áubirse áubilse
3/4.m áubi áubīr áubivi
3/4.f áubīs áubiti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex áubín áubisid áubimi
1.in - áubitar áubitā
2 áubír áubirith áubilith
3/4.m áubís áubisrí áubisví
3/4.f áubisar áubistí


Future
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex áubī́n áubī́dir áubī́ma
1.in - áubī́vse áubī́nse
2 áubī́r áubī́rse áubī́lse
3/4.m áubī́ áubī́ri áubiī́vi
3/4.f áubī́s áubī́ti


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex áubıī́ áubirdá áubimir
1.in - áubivt áubint
2 áubıī́r áubirt áubilt
3/4.m áubimá áubīrá áubiħá
3/4.f áubīsá áubitá

*w-stems

qervī́ - pack, condense

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - qéruvs! qéruns!
2 qéry! qérurs! qéruls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qérvī qérudir qéruma
1.in - qéruvse qérunse
2 qérur qérurse qérulse
3/4.m qéry qervir qéruvi
3/4.f qérvis qéruti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qerún qérusid qérumi
1.in - qérutar qérutā
2 qerúr qérurith qérulith
3/4.m qerús qerusrí qerusví
3/4.f qérusar qerustí


Future
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qervḗn qervḗdir qervḗma
1.in - qervḗvse qervḗnse
2 qervḗr qervḗrse qervḗlse
3/4.m qervḗ qervḗri qervḗvi
3/4.f qervéis qervḗti


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qervī́ qerurdá qérumir
1.in - qéruvt qérunt
2 qervī́r qérurt qérult
3/4.m qerumá qervirá qeruħá
3/4.f qervisá qerutá

Labial obstruent stems

-vi, -vie- "dissimilates" to -ħi, -ħie-

duobī́ - to be assembled

Coronal obstruent stems

*t-, *d-, *tʰ-, *s-stems

{*t *d *tʰ *s}

  • > s / _t
  • > r / _d

qvothī́ - shout

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - qvóthyvs! qvóthyns!
2 qvóth! qvóthyrs! qvóthyls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qvóthī qvórdir qvóthma
1.in - qvóthyvse qvóthynse
2 qvóthyr qvóthyrse qvóthylse
3/4.m qvóthe qvóthir qvóthvi
3/4.f qvóthis qvósti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qvothýn qvóssid qvóthmi
1.in - qvóstar qvóstā
2 qvothýr qvóthrith qvóthlith
3/4.m qvóss qvosrí qvosví
3/4.f qvóssar qvostí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex qvothī́ qvothyrdá qvóthmir
1.in - qvóthyvt qvóthynt
2 qvothī́r qvóthyrt qvóthylt
3/4.m qvothmá qvothirá qvothħá
3/4.f qvothisá qvostá

*z-stems

fáerī́ - interlock, jam

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - fáéryvs! fáéryns!
2 fáér! fáéryrs! fáéryls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex fáérī fáérdir fáérma
1.in - fáéryvse fáérynse
2 fáéryr fáéryrse fáérylse
3/4.m fáére fáerir fáérvi
3/4.f fáéris fáésti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex fáerýn fáéssid fáérmi
1.in - fáéstar fáéstā
2 fáerýr fáérrith fáerlith
3/4.m fáess fáesrí fáesví
3/4.f fáéssar fáestí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex fáerī́ fáeryrdá fáérmir
1.in - fáéryvt fáérynt
2 fáerī́r fáéryrt fáérylt
3/4.m fáermá fáerirá fáerħá
3/4.f fáerisá fáestá

*ʒ-stems

néuzī́ - pound, stamp

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - néuryvs! néuzyns!
2 néuz! néuzyrs! néuzyls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex néuzī néurdir néurma
1.in - néuryvse néuzynse
2 néuzyr néuzyrse néuzylse
3/4.m néuze néuzir néuzvi
3/4.f néuzis néusti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex néuzýn néussid néurmi
1.in - néustar néustā
2 néuzýr néurrith néurlith
3/4.m néuss néusrí néusví
3/4.f néussar néustí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex néuzī́ néuzyrdá néurmir
1.in - néuryvt néuzynt
2 néuzī́r néuzyrt néuzylt
3/4.m néurmá néuzirá néurħá
3/4.f néuzisá néustá

*ç- and *ƶ-stems

{*ç, *ƶ}

  • > f / _*C[+coronal +plosive]
  • > s / _*C[+coronal +fricative/affricate]
  • > [ː~] / _{*ç, *ƶ}
  • > th, ð otherwise

rȳthī́ - classify, categorize

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - rȳ̌thyvs! rȳ̌thyns!
2 rȳ̌th! rȳ̌thyrs! rȳ̌thyls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex rȳ̌thī rȳ̌fdir rȳ̌thma
1.in - rȳ̌thyvse rȳ̌thynse
2 rȳ̌thyr rȳ̌thyrse rȳ̌thylse
3/4.m rȳ̌the rȳ̌thir rȳ̌thvi
3/4.f rȳ̌this rȳ̌fti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex rȳthýn rȳ̌ssid rȳ̌thmi
1.in - rȳ̌ftar rȳ̌ftā
2 rȳthýr rȳ̌thrith rȳ̌thlith
3/4.m rȳ̌ss rȳsrí rȳsví
3/4.f rȳ̌ssar rȳstí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex rȳthī́ rȳthyrdá rȳ̌thmir
1.in - rȳ̌thyvt rȳ̌thynt
2 rȳthī́r rȳ̌thyrt rȳ̌thylt
3/4.m rȳthmá rȳthirá rȳthħá
3/4.f rȳthisá rȳftá

Velar stems

C[+plosive, +velar] > ch / _d/t/ŧ
g > c / _C[-voiced]

uogī́ - err, miss

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - ǔogyvs! ǔogyns!
2 ǔog! ǔogyrs! ǔogyls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex ǔogī ǔochdir ǔogma
1.in - ǔogyvse ǔogynse
2 ǔogyr ǔogyrse ǔogylse
3/4.m ǔoge ǔogir ǔogvi
3/4.f ǔogis ǔochti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex uogýn ǔocsid ǔogmi
1.in - ǔochtar ǔochtā
2 uogýr ǔogrith ǔoglith
3/4.m ǔocs uocsrí uocsví
3/4.f ǔocsar uocstí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex uogī́ uogyrdá ǔogmir
1.in - ǔogyvt ǔogynt
2 uogī́r uogyrt ǔogylt
3/4.m uogmá uogirá uogħá
3/4.f uogisá uochtá

Guttural stems

Radical stems

*q-stems

*ʁ-stems

*qʰ-stems

*ʔ-stems

*ʔ

  • > [ː~] / V_CV
  • > [~ː] / V_CC

hēseī́ - feel, emote

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - hēsḗvs! hēsḗns!
2 hēsé! hēsḗrs! hēsḗls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex hēséī hēséddir hēsémma
1.in - hēsḗvse hēsḗnse
2 hēséyr hēsḗrse hēsḗlse
3/4.m hēsé hēséìr hēsévvi
3/4.f hēséìs hēsétti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex hēseýn hēséssid hēsémmi
1.in - hēséttar hēséttā
2 hēseýr hēsérrith hēséllith
3/4.m hēséss hēsēsrí hēsēsví
3/4.f hēséssar hēsēstí


Future
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex hēseḗn hēseḗdir hēseḗma
1.in - hēseḗvse hēseḗnse
2 hēseḗr hēseḗrse hēseḗlse
3/4.m hēseḗ hēseḗri hēseḗvi
3/4.f hḗseéis hḗseḗti


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex hēseī́ hēsērdá hēsémmir
1.in - hēsḗvt hēsḗnt
2 hēseī́r hēsḗrt hēsḗlt
3/4.m hēsemmá hēseìrá hēsēħá
3/4.f hēseìsá hēsettá

*{m, n, l, r}ʔ-stems

*{m, n, l, r}ʔ

  • > mp, {n, l, r}t
  • > m / _C[+labial +obstruent], {n, l, r} / _C[+coronal +obstruent]

híltī́ - imply, make transparent

Imperative
Shílgular Dual Plural
1.in - híltyvs! híltyns!
2 hílt! híltyrs! híltyls!


Present
Shílgular Dual Plural
1.ex híltī híldir híltma
1.in - híltyvse híltynse
2 híltyr híltyrse híltylse
3/4.m hílte híltir híltvi
3/4.f híltis hílti


Past perfective
Shílgular Dual Plural
1.ex híltýn hílsid híltmi
1.in - híltar híltā
2 híltýr híltrith híltlith
3/4.m híls hílsrí hílsví
3/4.f hílsar hílstí


Jussive
Shílgular Dual Plural
1.ex híltī́ híltyrdá híltmir
1.in - híltyvt híltynt
2 híltī́r híltyrt híltylt
3/4.m híltmá híltirá híltħá
3/4.f híltisá híltá

h-stems

*{m, n, l, r}h-stems

*{m, n, l, r}h

  • > mf, {n, l, r}th
  • > m / _C[+labial +obstruent], {n, l, r} / _C[+coronal +obstruent]


inthī́ - lie (be in a supine position)

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - ínthyvs! ínthyns!
2 ínth! ínthyrs! ínthyls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex ínthī índir ínthma
1.in - ínthyvse ínthynse
2 ínthyr ínthyrse ínthylse
3/4.m ínthe ínthir ínthvi
3/4.f ínthis ínti


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex inthýn ínsid ínthmi
1.in - íntar íntā
2 inthýr ínthrith ínthlith
3/4.m íns insrí insví
3/4.f ínsar instí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex inthī́ inthyrdá ínthmir
1.in - ínthyvt ínthynt
2 inthī́r ínthyrt ínthylt
3/4.m inthmá inthirá inthħá
3/4.f inthisá intá

Irregular verbs

Suppletive verbs

Suppletive verbs have many monosyllabic forms; in order to compensate for the lack of tonal information other roots were grafted into their paradigms.

vā́cī́ - copula

Imperative
Singular Dual Plural
1.in - vā́cyvs! vā́cyns!
2 vâc! vā́cyrs! vā́cyls!


Present
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex (vā́cī) (vā́chdir) (vā́cma)
1.in - (vā́cyvse) (vā́cynse)
2 (vā́cyr) (vā́cyrse) (vā́cylse)
3/4.m (vā́ce) (vā́cir) (vā́cvi)
3/4.f (vā́cis) (vā́chti)


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex ðín ðírid ðími
1.in - ðítar ðítā
2 ðír ðírith ðílith
3/4.m ðís ðisrí ðisví
3/4.f ðísar ðistí


Past perfective
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex ynðín ynðírid ynðími
1.in - ynðítar ynðítā
2 ynðír ynðírith ynðílith
3/4.m ynðís ynðisrí ynðisví
3/4.f ynðísar ynðistí


Jussive
Singular Dual Plural
1.ex vā́cī́ vā́cyrdá vā́cmir
1.in - vā́cyvt vā́cynt
2 vā́cī́r vā́cyrt vā́cylt
3/4.m vā́cmá vā́cirá vā́cħá
3/4.f vā́cisá vā́chtá

merī́ - 'exist'

Reduplicating stems

These verbs are reflexes of monosyllabic verbs whose stem originally consisted of consonant clusters with no vowel and was subsequently reduplicated to accommodate tonal patterns. They comprise a few irregular verbs.

Eliding stems

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