Verse:Mwail/Old Gloob: Difference between revisions
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R, D, Z, Ł, İ, A, Ħ, F, M, L, G, C, H, B, S, V, O, I, Q, Ð, Y, CH, T, Ŧ, N, TH, P, E, U | R, D, Z, Ł, İ, A, Ħ, F, M, L, G, C, H, B, S, V, O, I, Q, Ð, Y, CH, T, Ŧ, N, TH, P, E, U | ||
== | ==Parts of speech== | ||
===Pronouns=== | |||
====Personal==== | |||
The independent personal pronouns are used in equational sentences, and for emphasis of what is already indexed on the heads, be it the subject, the direct object, or an oblique argument. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="4"| '''Independent personal pronouns''' | |||
|- | |||
!style="width: 50px; "| | |||
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular | |||
!style="width: 100px; "|Dual | |||
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural | |||
|- | |||
!|1.ex | |||
|rowspan="2"|''ná'' | |||
|''trā́n'' | |||
|''chā́m'' | |||
|- | |||
!|1.in | |||
|''qā́ð'' | |||
|''táqḗn'' | |||
|- | |||
!|2.m | |||
|''zéi'' | |||
|rowspan="2"|''rā́th'' | |||
|rowspan="2"|''slā́s'' | |||
|- | |||
!|2.f | |||
|''véi'' | |||
|- | |||
!|3.m | |||
|''vá'' | |||
|''vṓr'' | |||
|''vū́'' | |||
|- | |||
!|3.f | |||
|''vī́'' | |||
|''vȳ́r'' | |||
|''vā́n'' | |||
|- | |||
!|4.m | |||
|''ŧá'' | |||
|''ŧṓr'' | |||
|''ŧū́'' | |||
|- | |||
!|4.f | |||
|''ŧī́'' | |||
|''ŧȳ́r'' | |||
|''ŧā́n'' | |||
|} | |||
Adding the ''ħe-'' (''ħè-'') prefix creates intensified pronouns. | |||
====Demonstrative==== | |||
The demonstratives have identical endings to personal pronouns in the feminine singular, the dual and the plural. The adnominal demonstratives are ''mé'' (near speaker), ''ħé'' (near hearer), and ''ŧá'' (distal; identical to 4th person pronoun), and the pronominal demonstratives are ''imé'', ''ivá'', and ''iŧá''. | |||
When a demonstrative modifies a noun phrase, the noun and adjective modified take the indefinite form if unpossessed, and the definite form if possessed. | |||
====Reflexive==== | |||
The reflexive pronoun is ''cthên'', identical to the gender and number of the subject. | |||
====Reciprocal==== | |||
The reciprocal pronoun, "each other", is ''nálnai''. It originated from an adverb that was later reanalyzed as a pronoun. | |||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns and adjectives have a rich morphology, albeit less ornate than verbs. They inflect for number, definiteness and possessedness, but not for case. Nouns have three numbers (singular, dual and plural) and two genders (masculine and feminine), and belong in one of three declensions. In third- and fourth-person possessed forms, Themsaran makes a distinction, realized tonally, between the ''absolute'' possessed form, which indicates a noun possessed by a pronoun, and the ''conjunct'' possessed form, used to indicate a possessive relationship between two nouns and agreeing with the gender of the possessor. | Nouns and adjectives have a rich morphology, albeit less ornate than verbs. They inflect for number, definiteness and possessedness, but not for case. Nouns have three numbers (singular, dual and plural) and two genders (masculine and feminine), and belong in one of three declensions. In third- and fourth-person possessed forms, Themsaran makes a distinction, realized tonally, between the ''absolute'' possessed form, which indicates a noun possessed by a pronoun, and the ''conjunct'' possessed form, used to indicate a possessive relationship between two nouns and agreeing with the gender of the possessor. | ||