Nkwu: Difference between revisions
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m (→Consonants) |
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|- align=center | |- align=center | ||
! Nasal | ! Nasal | ||
| m || n || ɲ || ŋ || | | m<br />[m] || n<br />[n] || ɲ<br />[ɲ] || ŋ<br />[ŋ] || | ||
! ⟨ m n ny ng ⟩<br />⟨ m n ñ ŋ ⟩ | ! ⟨ m n ny ng ⟩<br />⟨ m n ñ ŋ ⟩ | ||
|- align=center | |- align=center | ||
! Glottalised<br />Prenasalised<br />Nasal | ! Glottalised<br />Prenasalised<br />Nasal | ||
| ⁿˀm || ⁿˀn || ⁿˀɲ || ⁿˀŋ || | | ⁿˀm<br />[m̆ʔm] || ⁿˀn<br />[n̆ʔn] || ⁿˀɲ<br />[ɲ̆ʔɲ] || ⁿˀŋ<br />[ŋ̆ʔŋ] || | ||
! ⟨ mpm ntn ntny nkng ⟩<br />⟨ mpm ntn ñcñ ŋkŋ ⟩ | ! ⟨ mpm ntn ntny nkng ⟩<br />⟨ mpm ntn ñcñ ŋkŋ ⟩ | ||
|- align=center | |- align=center | ||
! Plosive | ! Plosive | ||
| p b || t d || || k | | p b<br />[p][b] || t d<br />[t̪][d̪] || || k ɡ<br />[k][ɡ] || ʔ<br />[ʔ] | ||
! ⟨ p b t d k g q ⟩<br />⟨ p b t d k g q ⟩ | ! ⟨ p b t d k g q ⟩<br />⟨ p b t d k g q ⟩ | ||
|- align=center | |- align=center | ||
! Prenasalised<br />Plosive | ! Prenasalised<br />Plosive | ||
| ⁿp ⁿb || ⁿt ⁿd || || ⁿk | | ⁿp ⁿb<br />[mp][mb] || ⁿt ⁿd<br />[nt][nd] || || ⁿk ⁿɡ<br />[ŋk][ŋɡ] || | ||
! ⟨ mp mb nt nd nk ngg ⟩<br />⟨ mp mb nt nd ŋk ŋg ⟩ | ! ⟨ mp mb nt nd nk ngg ⟩<br />⟨ mp mb nt nd ŋk ŋg ⟩ | ||
|- align=center | |- align=center | ||
! Glottalised<br />Prenasalised<br />Plosive | ! Glottalised<br />Prenasalised<br />Plosive | ||
| ⁿˀb || ⁿˀd || || | | ⁿˀb<br />[m̆ʔb] || ⁿˀd<br />[n̆ʔd] || || ⁿˀɡ<br />[ŋ̆ʔɡ] || | ||
! ⟨ mpb ntd nkg ⟩<br />⟨ mpb ntd ŋkg ⟩ | ! ⟨ mpb ntd nkg ⟩<br />⟨ mpb ntd ŋkg ⟩ | ||
|- align=center | |- align=center | ||
! Affricate | ! Affricate | ||
| || ts dz || tʃ dʒ || || | | || ts dz<br />[t͡s][d͡z] || tʃ dʒ<br />[t͡ʃ][d͡ʒ] || || | ||
! ⟨ ts dz tx dj ⟩<br />⟨ ts dz tš dž ⟩ | ! ⟨ ts dz tx dj ⟩<br />⟨ ts dz tš dž ⟩ | ||
|- align=center | |- align=center | ||
! Prenasalised<br />Affricate | ! Prenasalised<br />Affricate | ||
| || ⁿts ⁿdz || ⁿtʃ ⁿdʒ || || | | || ⁿts ⁿdz<br />[nt͡s][nd͡z] || ⁿtʃ ⁿdʒ<br />[nt͡ʃ][nd͡ʒ] || || | ||
! ⟨ nts ndz ntx ndj ⟩<br />⟨ nts ndz ntš ndž ⟩ | ! ⟨ nts ndz ntx ndj ⟩<br />⟨ nts ndz ntš ndž ⟩ | ||
|- align=center | |- align=center | ||
! Glottalised<br />Prenasalised<br />Affricate | ! Glottalised<br />Prenasalised<br />Affricate | ||
| || ⁿˀdz || ⁿˀdʒ || || | | || ⁿˀdz<br />[n̆ʔd͡z] || ⁿˀdʒ<br />[n̆ʔd͡ʒ] || || | ||
! ⟨ ntdz ntdj ⟩<br />⟨ ntdz ntdž ⟩ | ! ⟨ ntdz ntdj ⟩<br />⟨ ntdz ntdž ⟩ | ||
|- align=center | |- align=center | ||
! Fricative | ! Fricative | ||
| f v || s z || ʃ ʒ || || h | | f v<br />[f][v] || s z<br />[s][z] || ʃ ʒ<br />[ʃ][ʒ] || || h<br />[h~ɦ] | ||
! ⟨ f v s z x j h ⟩<br />⟨ f v s z š ž h ⟩ | ! ⟨ f v s z x j h ⟩<br />⟨ f v s z š ž h ⟩ | ||
|- align=center | |- align=center | ||
! Prenasalised<br />Fricative | ! Prenasalised<br />Fricative | ||
| ⁿf ⁿv || ⁿs ⁿz || ⁿʃ ⁿʒ || || ⁿh | | ⁿf ⁿv<br />[ɱf][ɱv] || ⁿs ⁿz<br />[ns~nt͡s][nz~nd͡z] || ⁿʃ ⁿʒ<br />[nʃ~nt͡ʃ][nʒ~nd͡ʒ] || || ⁿh<br />[ŋh~ŋɦ] | ||
! ⟨ mf mv ns nz nx nj ngh ⟩<br />⟨ mf mv ns nz nš nž ŋh ⟩ | ! ⟨ mf mv ns nz nx nj ngh ⟩<br />⟨ mf mv ns nz nš nž ŋh ⟩ | ||
|- align=center | |- align=center | ||
! Semivowel | ! Semivowel | ||
| w || || j || || | | w<br />[w] || || j<br />[j] || || | ||
! ⟨ w y ⟩<br />⟨ w y ⟩ | ! ⟨ w y ⟩<br />⟨ w y ⟩ | ||
|- align=center | |- align=center | ||
! Glottalised<br />Prenasalised<br />Semivowel | ! Glottalised<br />Prenasalised<br />Semivowel | ||
| ⁿˀw || || ⁿˀj || || | | ⁿˀw<br />[ŋkʷw] || || ⁿˀj<br />[ŋkʲj~ɲcj] || || | ||
! ⟨ nkw nky ⟩<br />⟨ ŋkw ŋky ⟩ | ! ⟨ nkw nky ⟩<br />⟨ ŋkw ŋky ⟩ | ||
|- align=center | |- align=center | ||
! Lateral | ! Lateral | ||
| || l || || || | | || l<br />[l~ɫ] || || || | ||
! ⟨ l ⟩<br />⟨ l ⟩ | ! ⟨ l ⟩<br />⟨ l ⟩ | ||
|- align=center | |- align=center | ||
! Prenasalised<br />Lateral | ! Prenasalised<br />Lateral | ||
| || ⁿl || || || | | || ⁿl<br />[nl~lː~l̃ː¨~ld~ɫd] || || || | ||
! ⟨ nl ⟩<br />⟨ nl ⟩ | ! ⟨ nl ⟩<br />⟨ nl ⟩ | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 12:50, 23 April 2021
 | This article is private. The author requests that you do not make changes to this project without approval. By all means, please help fix spelling, grammar and organisation problems, thank you. |
Nkwu (endonym: tembadu hānkwu [te̞ˈmbaɾu ˈhaːŋkwu]) is a language spoken by the Nkwu people of Bū.
Name
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial/ Labio-dental/ Labio-velar |
Dental/ Alveolar |
Post-Alveolar/ Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | Romanisation (Krauss)/ Romanisation (Harlowe) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m [m] |
n [n] |
ɲ [ɲ] |
ŋ [ŋ] |
⟨ m n ny ng ⟩ ⟨ m n ñ ŋ ⟩ | |
| Glottalised Prenasalised Nasal |
ⁿˀm [m̆ʔm] |
ⁿˀn [n̆ʔn] |
ⁿˀɲ [ɲ̆ʔɲ] |
ⁿˀŋ [ŋ̆ʔŋ] |
⟨ mpm ntn ntny nkng ⟩ ⟨ mpm ntn ñcñ ŋkŋ ⟩ | |
| Plosive | p b [p][b] |
t d [t̪][d̪] |
k ɡ [k][ɡ] |
ʔ [ʔ] |
⟨ p b t d k g q ⟩ ⟨ p b t d k g q ⟩ | |
| Prenasalised Plosive |
ⁿp ⁿb [mp][mb] |
ⁿt ⁿd [nt][nd] |
ⁿk ⁿɡ [ŋk][ŋɡ] |
⟨ mp mb nt nd nk ngg ⟩ ⟨ mp mb nt nd ŋk ŋg ⟩ | ||
| Glottalised Prenasalised Plosive |
ⁿˀb [m̆ʔb] |
ⁿˀd [n̆ʔd] |
ⁿˀɡ [ŋ̆ʔɡ] |
⟨ mpb ntd nkg ⟩ ⟨ mpb ntd ŋkg ⟩ | ||
| Affricate | ts dz [t͡s][d͡z] |
tʃ dʒ [t͡ʃ][d͡ʒ] |
⟨ ts dz tx dj ⟩ ⟨ ts dz tš dž ⟩ | |||
| Prenasalised Affricate |
ⁿts ⁿdz [nt͡s][nd͡z] |
ⁿtʃ ⁿdʒ [nt͡ʃ][nd͡ʒ] |
⟨ nts ndz ntx ndj ⟩ ⟨ nts ndz ntš ndž ⟩ | |||
| Glottalised Prenasalised Affricate |
ⁿˀdz [n̆ʔd͡z] |
ⁿˀdʒ [n̆ʔd͡ʒ] |
⟨ ntdz ntdj ⟩ ⟨ ntdz ntdž ⟩ | |||
| Fricative | f v [f][v] |
s z [s][z] |
ʃ ʒ [ʃ][ʒ] |
h [h~ɦ] |
⟨ f v s z x j h ⟩ ⟨ f v s z š ž h ⟩ | |
| Prenasalised Fricative |
ⁿf ⁿv [ɱf][ɱv] |
ⁿs ⁿz [ns~nt͡s][nz~nd͡z] |
ⁿʃ ⁿʒ [nʃ~nt͡ʃ][nʒ~nd͡ʒ] |
ⁿh [ŋh~ŋɦ] |
⟨ mf mv ns nz nx nj ngh ⟩ ⟨ mf mv ns nz nš nž ŋh ⟩ | |
| Semivowel | w [w] |
j [j] |
⟨ w y ⟩ ⟨ w y ⟩ | |||
| Glottalised Prenasalised Semivowel |
ⁿˀw [ŋkʷw] |
ⁿˀj [ŋkʲj~ɲcj] |
⟨ nkw nky ⟩ ⟨ ŋkw ŋky ⟩ | |||
| Lateral | l [l~ɫ] |
⟨ l ⟩ ⟨ l ⟩ | ||||
| Prenasalised Lateral |
ⁿl [nl~lː~l̃ː¨~ld~ɫd] |
⟨ nl ⟩ ⟨ nl ⟩ |