Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions

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Ăn Yidiș independent pronouns have three forms (i.e. not counting possessive prefixes and pronominal suffixes on prepositions):

* conjunctive pronouns (the form that follows inflected forms of the auxiliary ''bi''): mi t(h)i șe și șņi șiv șied (3sg epicene is most commonly șied); t(h)ăr 'impersonal pronoun' (rebracketing)

** ''Vă '''m' ''' ă cadăl.'' 'I was sleeping.'

** ''Vă '''mi ''' ă cadăl.'' 'I was sleeping.

* disjunctive pronouns (most commonly direct objects in independent clauses): mi ti e i șņi iv ied

** ''To șņi ăg ith băméșăch ~~ă Chanică~~ '''ied'''.'' 'We eat them during ~~Hanukkah~~.'

** ''To șņi ăg ith băméșăch ăm Purim '''ied'''.'' 'We eat them during Purim.'

* copular pronouns (the forms used as copulas; cleft constructions use the emphatic forms); see the section on the copula

** '''''Șe''' ăm pŗivrav ăģ ăm bală giņi e.'' 'He's the chief rabbi of our town.'

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Another common way to emphasize a pronoun is to use ''feyn'' after it (e.g. מישא ףעין ''mișă feyn'' 'I myself', אן קיום ףעין ז׳ע ''ăn giyăm feyn ģe'' 'his very existence').

==== Possessive pronouns ====

For possession, the ''ă levăr gum'' ('my book', lit. 'the book at me') construction is standard for most nouns except family members and body parts where possessive prefixes are used (cf. ~~Revived~~ Hebrew also usually uses הספר שלי ''ha-sefer šeli'' instead of ספרי ''sifri''). Nouns that take possessive prefixes cannot take a definite article and must take a possessive prefix when definite. In addition, ־אַר׳ -aŗ 'father' and ־מאָר׳ -moŗ 'mother' cannot occur as indefinite nouns and obligatorily take possessive prefix forms.

For possession, the ''ă levăr gum'' ('my book', lit. 'the book at me') construction is standard for most nouns except family members and body parts where possessive prefixes are used (cf. Modern Hebrew also usually uses הספר שלי ''ha-sefer šeli'' instead of ספרי ''sifri''). Nouns that take possessive prefixes cannot take a definite article and must take a possessive prefix when definite. In addition, ־אַר׳ -aŗ 'father' and ־מאָר׳ -moŗ 'mother' cannot occur as indefinite nouns and obligatorily take possessive prefix forms.

Double-marking possessives, e.g. בֿ' אהרן א-דֿר׳אָר אז׳ משה ''V' Ăharăn '''ă-dhŗor ăģ Mușă'''.'' 'Aaron was Moses' brother' (lit. his brother of Moses) are used for nouns where possessive suffixes are still used. Possessive prefixes are considered ''Learăgüsiș'' for other nouns.

@@ Line 576: / Line 576: @@
 Ăn Yidiș independent pronouns have three forms (i.e. not counting possessive prefixes and pronominal suffixes on prepositions):
 * conjunctive pronouns (the form that follows inflected forms of the auxiliary ''bi''): mi t(h)i șe și șņi șiv șied (3sg epicene is most commonly șied); t(h)ăr 'impersonal pronoun' (rebracketing)
-** ''Vă '''m' ''' ă cadăl.'' 'I was sleeping.'
+** ''Vă '''mi ''' ă cadăl.'' 'I was sleeping.
 * disjunctive pronouns (most commonly direct objects in independent clauses): mi ti e i șņi iv ied
-** ''To șņi ăg ith băméșăch ă Chanică '''ied'''.'' 'We eat them during Hanukkah.'
+** ''To șņi ăg ith băméșăch ăm Purim '''ied'''.'' 'We eat them during Purim.'
 * copular pronouns (the forms used as copulas; cleft constructions use the emphatic forms); see the section on the copula
 ** '''''Șe''' ăm pŗivrav ăģ ăm bală giņi e.'' 'He's the chief rabbi of our town.'
@@ Line 591: / Line 591: @@
 Another common way to emphasize a pronoun is to use ''feyn'' after it (e.g. מישא ףעין ''mișă feyn'' 'I myself', אן קיום ףעין ז׳ע ''ăn giyăm feyn ģe'' 'his very existence').
 ==== Possessive pronouns ====
-For possession, the ''ă levăr gum'' ('my book', lit. 'the book at me') construction is standard for most nouns except family members and body parts where possessive prefixes are used (cf. Revived Hebrew also usually uses הספר שלי ''ha-sefer šeli'' instead of ספרי ''sifri''). Nouns that take possessive prefixes cannot take a definite article and must take a possessive prefix when definite. In addition, ־אַר׳ -aŗ 'father' and ־מאָר׳ -moŗ 'mother' cannot occur as indefinite nouns and obligatorily take possessive prefix forms.
+For possession, the ''ă levăr gum'' ('my book', lit. 'the book at me') construction is standard for most nouns except family members and body parts where possessive prefixes are used (cf. Modern Hebrew also usually uses הספר שלי ''ha-sefer šeli'' instead of ספרי ''sifri''). Nouns that take possessive prefixes cannot take a definite article and must take a possessive prefix when definite. In addition, ־אַר׳ -aŗ 'father' and ־מאָר׳ -moŗ 'mother' cannot occur as indefinite nouns and obligatorily take possessive prefix forms.
 Double-marking possessives, e.g. בֿ' אהרן א-דֿר׳אָר אז׳ משה ''V' Ăharăn '''ă-dhŗor ăģ Mușă'''.'' 'Aaron was Moses' brother' (lit. his brother of Moses) are used for nouns where possessive suffixes are still used. Possessive prefixes are considered ''Learăgüsiș'' for other nouns.