Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions

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Hebrew words often form plurals in unstressed ''-im'' /im/ or ''-ăs'' /əs/ but native Celtic words may use them too and not all Hebrew words use the Hebrew plural. Hebrew nouns beginning with ''m-'' are almost always loaned as masculine (to avoid mutation after the singular definite article); as an exception, משפּחה ''mișpóchă'' 'family' is feminine.

==== Article ====

Masculine nouns:

Masculine nouns when ''not'' accusative:

* Nouns beginning with a vowel take אנט ''ănd'': אנט אישק׳א ''ănd ișģă'' = the water

* before a labial (''p b f m v''), אם ''ăm'':

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** אן שמן ''ăn șemăn'' 'the oil'

Feminine nouns:

Feminine nouns when ''not'' accusative and masculine nouns when accusative:

* Nouns beginning with a lenitable consonant (except ''s'', ''ș'', ''d'', ''z'', ''t'' and ''ț'') lenite, and the following rule is applied to the lenited form:

** א ''ă'' before historical liquids, and non-sibilant fricatives (/j/ doesn't count as a fricative): א מֿען ''ă mhen'' = the woman/wife, א ףֿר'עקארץ ''ă fhŗegărț'' = the answer

** אן ''ăn'' otherwise: אן קֿ'על'אך ''ăn ģhełăch'' = the moon, אן אות ''ăn oas'' = the letter (character)

* Words beginning in ''s ș d z t ț'' don't lenite: אן סוכּה ''ăn sücă'' = the ~~booth~~

* Words beginning in ''s ș d z t ț'' don't lenite: אן סוכּה ''ăn sücă'' = the sukkah (hut built during Sukkot)

Note: Historical feminine nouns beginning with s-/ș- (except s(stop)-/ș(stop)-) have all become t-/ț- words (except pluralia tantum and s-/d- words) following case loss in Proto-Ăn Yidiș: אן תּאַבין׳ ''ăn Taviņ'' 'Halloween' (from ''an tSamhain''). Newer words such as Hebrew loans are not subject to this.

Plural nouns take נא ''nă''

Plural nouns and feminine definite accusatives take נא ''nă'' and ''h-'' is added before a noun beginning with a vowel.

*נא ציש ''nă țiș'' = the houses

*נא ל'אַאן ''nă łaăn'' = the days

*נא מנאָ ''nă mno'' = the wives

*נא ה-אותיות ''nă h-usyăs'' = the letters

*נא סוכּות ''nă sücăs'' = the ~~booths~~

*נא סוכּות ''nă sücăs'' = the sukkot

*נא ניסים ''nă nisim'' = the miracles

Plural definite accusatives take נאן ''năn'' (נאם ''năm'' before ''b p m f v''), The noun itself doesn't inflect for the accusative.

*נאן ציש ''năn țiș''

*נאן ל'אַאן ''năn łaăn''

*נאם מנאָ ''năm mno''

*נאן אותיות ''năn usyăs''

*נא סוכּות ''năn sücăs''

*נא ניסים ''năn nisim''

==== Declension ====

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 Hebrew words often form plurals in unstressed ''-im'' /im/ or ''-ăs'' /əs/ but native Celtic words may use them too and not all Hebrew words use the Hebrew plural. Hebrew nouns beginning with ''m-'' are almost always loaned as masculine (to avoid mutation after the singular definite article); as an exception, משפּחה ''mișpóchă'' 'family' is feminine.
 ==== Article ====
-Masculine nouns:
+Masculine nouns when ''not'' accusative:
 * Nouns beginning with a vowel take אנט ''ănd'': אנט אישק׳א ''ănd ișģă'' = the water
 * before a labial (''p b f m v''), אם ''ăm'':
@@ Line 585: / Line 585: @@
 ** אן שמן ''ăn șemăn'' 'the oil'
-Feminine nouns:
+Feminine nouns when ''not'' accusative and masculine nouns when accusative:
 * Nouns beginning with a lenitable consonant (except ''s'', ''ș'', ''d'', ''z'', ''t'' and ''ț'') lenite, and the following rule is applied to the lenited form:
 ** א ''ă'' before historical liquids, and non-sibilant fricatives (/j/ doesn't count as a fricative):  א מֿען ''ă mhen'' = the woman/wife, א ף&#1471;ר'עקארץ ''ă fhŗegărț'' = the answer
 ** אן ''ăn'' otherwise: אן ק&#1471;'על'אך ''ăn ģhełăch'' = the moon, אן אות ''ăn oas'' = the letter (character)
-* Words beginning in ''s ș d z t ț'' don't lenite: אן סוכּה ''ăn sücă'' = the booth
+* Words beginning in ''s ș d z t ț'' don't lenite: אן סוכּה ''ăn sücă'' = the sukkah (hut built during Sukkot)
 Note: Historical feminine nouns beginning with s-/ș- (except s(stop)-/ș(stop)-) have all become t-/ț- words (except pluralia tantum and s-/d- words) following case loss in Proto-Ăn Yidiș: אן תּאַבין&#1523; ''ăn Taviņ'' 'Halloween' (from ''an tSamhain''). Newer words such as Hebrew loans are not subject to this.
-Plural nouns take נא ''nă''
+Plural nouns and feminine definite accusatives take נא ''nă'' and ''h-'' is added before a noun beginning with a vowel.
 *נא ציש ''nă țiș'' = the houses
 *נא ל'אַאן ''nă łaăn'' = the days
 *נא מנאָ ''nă mno'' = the wives
 *נא ה-אותיות ''nă h-usyăs'' = the letters
-*נא סוכּות ''nă sücăs'' = the booths
+*נא סוכּות ''nă sücăs'' = the sukkot
 *נא ניסים ''nă nisim'' = the miracles
+Plural definite accusatives take נאן ''năn'' (נאם ''năm'' before ''b p m f v''), The noun itself doesn't inflect for the accusative.
+*נאן ציש ''năn țiș''
+*נאן ל'אַאן ''năn łaăn''
+*נאם מנאָ ''năm mno''
+*נאן אותיות ''năn usyăs''
+*נא סוכּות ''năn sücăs''
+*נא ניסים ''năn nisim''
 ==== Declension ====