Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions
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===Prepositions=== | ===Prepositions=== | ||
*ăģ/ăg 'at': gum, găd, ģe, c̦i, giņi, giv, că | *''ăģ/ăg'' 'at': ''gum, găd, ģe, c̦i, giņi, giv, că'' | ||
** ăģ becomes ăg before a coronal. | ** ''ăģ'' becomes ''ăg'' before a coronal. | ||
*tăģ/tăg 'of': tam, tad, teģ, tec̦i, taņi, tav, tacă | *''tăģ/tăg'' 'of': ''tam, tad, teģ, tec̦i, taņi, tav, tacă'' | ||
** the tăģ/tag alternation is similar to that of ăģ/ăg | ** the ''tăģ/tag'' alternation is similar to that of ''ăģ/ăg'' | ||
*dă°, d' 'to, for': dum, did, do, di(thi), diņi, div, du(thă) (d- is deleted after a coronal obstruent) | *''dă°, d' '' 'to, for': ''dum, did, do, di(thi), diņi, div, du(thă)'' (d- is deleted after a coronal obstruent) | ||
*ză°, z' 'off' (corresponding to ''ăr'' 'on'): zum, zid, ze, zi(thi), ziņi, ziv, zu(thă) | *''ză°, z''' 'off' (corresponding to ''ăr'' 'on'): ''zum, zid, ze, zi(thi), ziņi, ziv, zu(thă)'' | ||
*u h- 'from' (corresp. to ''ăģ'' 'at'): uam, uad, ua, uathi, uaņi, uav, uathă | *''u h-'' 'from' (corresp. to ''ăģ'' 'at'): ''uam, uad, ua, uathi, uaņi, uav, uathă'' | ||
*in 'in': inum, inăd, ołn (spelled אָן), inți, iniņi, iniv, intă | *''in'' 'in': ''inum, inăd, ołn (spelled אָן), inți, iniņi, iniv, intă'' | ||
** ''in'' has the allomorphs ''in, ind, im, i'' with the same rules as the definite article ''ăn'': ''im mițvă, ind ișģă, i chalăg ...'' | ** ''in'' has the allomorphs ''in, ind, im, i'' with the same rules as the definite article ''ăn'': ''im mițvă, ind ișģă, i chalăg ...'' | ||
*ăr° 'on': ărum, ărăd, eŗ, eŗthi, ăriņi, ăriv, orthă | *''ăr°'' 'on': ''ărum, ărăd, eŗ, eŗthi, ăriņi, ăriv, orthă'' | ||
*ăs 'out of' (corresponding to ''in'' 'in'): asum, asăd, as, ași, asiņi, asiv, asă | *''ăs'' 'out of' (corresponding to ''in'' 'in'): ''asum, asăd, as, ași, asiņi, asiv, asă'' | ||
*ru° 'before, in front of': ruam, ruad, rev, rempi, ruņi, ruv, rompă | *''ru°'' 'before, in front of': ''ruam, ruad, rev, rempi, ruņi, ruv, rompă'' | ||
*ŗi(n) 'with': ŗum, ŗed, ŗeș, ŗethi, ŗiņi, ŗiv, ŗethă | *''ŗi(n)'' 'with': ''ŗum, ŗed, ŗeș, ŗethi, ŗiņi, ŗiv, ŗethă'' | ||
*lă h- 'with, by, for': lum, led, leș, lethi, liņi, liv, lethă | *''lă h-'' 'with, by, for': ''lum, led, leș, lethi, liņi, liv, lethă'' | ||
*țimpum 'around' suppletes: umum, umăd, em, empi, umiņi, umiv, umpu | *''țimpum'' 'around' suppletes: ''umum, umăd, em, empi, umiņi, umiv, umpu'' | ||
*fă° 'under, among': fum, fud, făy, fithi, fuņi, fuv, futhă | *''fă°'' 'under, among': ''fum, fud, făy, fithi, fuņi, fuv, futhă'' | ||
*In some dialects such as Ballmer Hasidic Ăn Yidiș, izăr 'between': edrum, edrăd, iziŗ, iziŗthi, edriņi, edriv, izărthă. In the standard language, izăr is most often a pseudo-preposition (i.e. a preposition that can't take pronominal suffixes); the plural forms ''edriņi, edriv, izărthă'' are literary. | *In some dialects such as Ballmer Hasidic Ăn Yidiș, ''izăr'' 'between': ''edrum, edrăd, iziŗ, iziŗthi, edriņi, edriv, izărthă''. In the standard language, izăr is most often a pseudo-preposition (i.e. a preposition that can't take pronominal suffixes); the plural forms ''edriņi, edriv, izărthă'' are literary. | ||
** the syntax for "between X and Y" in these dialects may be ''izăr X is izăr Y'' or ''izăr X lă Y'', influenced by Hebrew '' beyn X uveyn Y''/''beyn X lă Y'' | ** the syntax for "between X and Y" in these dialects may be ''izăr X is izăr Y'' or ''izăr X lă Y'', influenced by Hebrew '' beyn X uveyn Y''/''beyn X lă Y'' | ||
====Combinations==== | ====Combinations==== | ||