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Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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| also some Mainland Southeast Asian features such as serial verbs | | also some Mainland Southeast Asian features such as serial verbs |
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| ==Orthography==
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| :See also: [[Verse:Irta/Hebrew#Tsarfati Hebrew]]
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| Ăn Yidiș is written in an adapted Hebrew alphabet. To the extent possible, the standardized orthography is diaphonemic, i.e. each orthographic phoneme represents a Proto-Ăn Yidiș phoneme which is realized differently in each dialect.
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| As in our Yiddish, non-Hebrew, non-Aramaic words are usually written phonetically (except when initial lenition is specified). Vowels are written with full letters or with full letters with vowel diacritics.
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| ===Consonants===
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| Assume no initial lenition. The consonants are spelled as follows in non-Hebrew, non-Aramaic words:
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| zero b v gh z ģ th d y c ch l ł m n ņ s p f ț c̦ g r ŗ ș t /0 p v k ɣ ts tʃ h t j kʰ χ l w m n s pʰ f tsʰ tʃʰ k r ʒ ʃ tʰ/ =
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| א בּ ב ג ז ז׳ ח ט י(י) כּ כ/ך ל ל׳ מ/ם נ/ן נ׳/ן׳ ס פּ ף צ/ץ כּ׳ ק ר ר׳ ש תּ
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| גּ, דּ, ד in Hebrew and Aramaic loans are unaspirated /k/, /t/, /t/. ח in Hebrew loans represents /χ/.
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| Rafe is used for initial lenition: בֿ גֿ זֿ׳ דֿ זֿ טֿ כֿ מֿ סֿ פֿ ףֿ צֿ צֿ׳ קֿ תֿ for bh gh ģh dh zh dh ch mh sh ph fh țh c̦h gh th /v ɣ j ɣ j h x v h f 0 h ʃ x h/
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| /j/ between two vowels is written יי.
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| ''ŗ'' is pronounced /ʃ/ after voiceless fricatives and aspirated stops: כּר'עי e.g. ''cŗey'' /kʰʃej/ 'earth, soil'.
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| ===Vowels===
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| On the null initial, vowels are spelled as follows (in non-Hebrew, non-Aramaic words):
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| אַ א אַי ע עא עי אי איע אָ אָא אָי אוֹ אוֹא אוֹי אוּ אוּע אוּי
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| ''a ă ay e ea ey i ie o oa oy u ua uy ü üe üy''
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| For non-null initials the appropriate consonants are used replacing the null-initial aleph if necessary. For example:
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| בּאַ בּא בּאַי בּע בּעא בּעי בּי בּיע בּאָ בּאָא בּאָי בּוֹ בּוֹא בּוֹי בּוּ בּוּע בּוּי
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| ''ba bă bay be bea bey bi bie bo boa boy bu bua buy bü büe büy''
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| Hebrew words are spelled similarly to (Modern) Hebrew, with the following additional rules:
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| * /o/ from qamatz qatan does not use vav as a mater lectionis.
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| * A dagesh on bet, gimel, kaf, pe, or tav is always written when they represent their unlenited values, i.e. /p k kh ph th/. Note that ת = /s/ in Hebrew and Aramaic loans.
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| ===Other notes===
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| By folk etymology, many native words which are coincidentally similar to Hebrew words are spelled as if they were derived from Hebrew:
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| *כּלה'ק ''calăg'' (f) 'woman' "←" כּלה ''cală'' (f) 'bride, daughter-in-law', in ĂnY also 'young lady, lass' + ''-ăg'' diminutive suffix (''celăg, celă'' in some dialects with umlaut, reflecting MIr ''caile'')
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| Another case of etymological spelling: The spelling of ייִדאך ''Yidăch'' 'Jew(ish)' was influenced by the Hebrew word יהודי 'ibid.'; the expected phonetic spelling would be ייִטאך. (It is actually inherited from Middle Irish ''*Iúdach''.)
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| === Punctuation ===
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| Like Japanese, Ăn Yidiș does not usually use question marks; they're unnecessary because of question particles (they're still used in transliteration in this article). Question marks are only used when no interrogative particle or word is used, e.g. in single-word questions. The same convention is used when Ăn Yidiș speakers write in Hebrew.
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| === Miscellaneous ===
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| Ăn Yidiș written "etymologically" in Old Irish orthography is not official anywhere, but is used e.g. in faux "Old Irish" signages for aesthetic purposes in secular Ăn Yidiș-speaking communities, sometimes in tandem with ''Learăgisiș'', a register of Ăn Yidiș with artificial archaisms. (Secular Ăn Yidiș schools usually dedicate a couple lessons to Learăgisiș and Old Irish.) The etymology might be wrong even for native words.
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| It follows some well known Old Irish conventions like using ⁊ for ''is'' 'and' (e.g. ''⁊ so in tachless:'' for איס שאַ אן תּכלית ''is șa ăn tachlăs'' 'and the bottom line is:'). It uses dots for lenition when actual Old Irish manuscripts would not mark the lenition.
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| Some Hebrew loans in Ăn Yidiș in this orthography:
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| * ''seáilemm a·léchaimm'' שלום-עליכם ''șolăm ăléychăm'' (pretonic syllables are separated by an interpunct)
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| * ''cdoí'' כּדי ''cdey'' 'in order to'
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| * ''taichless'' תּכלית ''tachlis'' 'main point'
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| * ''mo·nórae'' מנוֹרה ''mănúră'' 'menorah' (final schwa usually becomes ''ae'' or ''e'')
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| * ''naer'' נר ''neyr'' 'candle'
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| * ''toíḋer'' תּיאור ''teyăr'' 'to describe'
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| ====Literally read Old Irish Hebrew====
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| A common jokelang among classicists in Irta
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| ==Grammar== | | ==Grammar== |