Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions

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''s'' and ''ș'' never lenite unlike their corresponding Irish sounds.

==Orthography==

:See also: [[Verse:Irta/Hebrew#Tsarfati Hebrew]]

Ăn Yidiș is written in an adapted Hebrew alphabet. To the extent possible, the standardized orthography is diaphonemic, i.e. each orthographic phoneme represents a Proto-Ăn Yidiș phoneme which is realized differently in each dialect.

As in our Yiddish, non-Hebrew, non-Aramaic words are usually written phonetically (except when initial lenition is specified). Vowels are written with full letters or with full letters with vowel diacritics.

===Consonants===

Assume no initial lenition. The consonants are spelled as follows in non-Hebrew, non-Aramaic words:

zero b v gh z ģ th d y c ch l ł m n ņ s p f ț c̦ g r ŗ ș t /0 p v k ɣ ts tʃ h t j kʰ χ l w m n s pʰ f tsʰ tʃʰ k r ʒ ʃ tʰ/ =

א בּ ב ג ז ז׳ ח ט י(י) כּ כ/ך ל ל׳ מ/ם נ/ן נ׳/ן׳ ס פּ ף צ/ץ כּ׳ ק ר ר׳ ש תּ

גּ, דּ, ד in Hebrew and Aramaic loans are unaspirated /k/, /t/, /t/. ח in Hebrew loans represents /χ/.

Rafe is used for initial lenition: בֿ גֿ זֿ׳ דֿ זֿ טֿ כֿ מֿ סֿ פֿ ףֿ צֿ צֿ׳ קֿ תֿ for bh gh ģh dh zh dh ch mh sh ph fh țh c̦h gh th /v ɣ j ɣ j h x v h f 0 h ʃ x h/

/j/ between two vowels is written יי.

''ŗ'' is pronounced /ʃ/ after voiceless fricatives and aspirated stops: כּר'עי e.g. ''cŗey'' /kʰʃej/ 'earth, soil'.

===Vowels===

On the null initial, vowels are spelled as follows (in non-Hebrew, non-Aramaic words):

אַ א אַי ע עא עי אי איע אָ אָא אָי אוֹ אוֹא אוֹי אוּ אוּע אוּי

''a ă ay e ea ey i ie o oa oy u ua uy ü üe üy''

For non-null initials the appropriate consonants are used replacing the null-initial aleph if necessary. For example:

בּאַ בּא בּאַי בּע בּעא בּעי בּי בּיע בּאָ בּאָא בּאָי בּוֹ בּוֹא בּוֹי בּוּ בּוּע בּוּי

''ba bă bay be bea bey bi bie bo boa boy bu bua buy bü büe büy''

Hebrew words are spelled similarly to (Modern) Hebrew, with the following additional rules:

* /o/ from qamatz qatan does not use vav as a mater lectionis.

* A dagesh on bet, gimel, kaf, pe, or tav is always written when they represent their unlenited values, i.e. /p k kh ph th/. Note that ת = /s/ in Hebrew and Aramaic loans.

===Other notes===

By folk etymology, many native words which are coincidentally similar to Hebrew words are spelled as if they were derived from Hebrew:

*כּלה'ק ''calăg'' (f) 'woman' "←" כּלה ''cală'' (f) 'bride, daughter-in-law', in ĂnY also 'young lady, lass' + ''-ăg'' diminutive suffix (''celăg, celă'' in some dialects with umlaut, reflecting MIr ''caile'')

Another case of etymological spelling: The spelling of ייִדאך ''Yidăch'' 'Jew(ish)' was influenced by the Hebrew word יהודי 'ibid.'; the expected phonetic spelling would be ייִטאך. (It is actually inherited from Middle Irish ''*Iúdach''.)

=== Punctuation ===

Like Japanese, Ăn Yidiș does not usually use question marks; they're unnecessary because of question particles (they're still used in transliteration in this article). Question marks are only used when no interrogative particle or word is used, e.g. in single-word questions. The same convention is used when Ăn Yidiș speakers write in Hebrew.

=== Miscellaneous ===

Ăn Yidiș written "etymologically" in Old Irish orthography is not official anywhere, but is used e.g. in faux "Old Irish" signages for aesthetic purposes in secular Ăn Yidiș-speaking communities, sometimes in tandem with ''Learăgisiș'', a register of Ăn Yidiș with artificial archaisms. (Secular Ăn Yidiș schools usually dedicate a couple lessons to Learăgisiș and Old Irish.) The etymology might be wrong even for native words.

It follows some well known Old Irish conventions like using ⁊ for ''is'' 'and' (e.g. ''⁊ so in tachless:'' for איס שאַ אן תּכלית ''is șa ăn tachlăs'' 'and the bottom line is:'). It uses dots for lenition when actual Old Irish manuscripts would not mark the lenition.

Some Hebrew loans in Ăn Yidiș in this orthography:

* ''seáilemm a·léchaimm'' שלום-עליכם ''șolăm ăléychăm'' (pretonic syllables are separated by an interpunct)

* ''cdoí'' כּדי ''cdey'' 'in order to'

* ''taichless'' תּכלית ''tachlis'' 'main point'

* ''mo·nórae'' מנוֹרה ''mănúră'' 'menorah' (final schwa usually becomes ''ae'' or ''e'')

* ''naer'' נר ''neyr'' 'candle'

* ''toíḋer'' תּיאור ''teyăr'' 'to describe'

====Literally read Old Irish Hebrew====

A common jokelang among classicists in Irta

== Dialects ==

@@ Line 329: / Line 329: @@
 ''s'' and ''ș'' never lenite unlike their corresponding Irish sounds.
+==Orthography==
+:See also: [[Verse:Irta/Hebrew#Tsarfati Hebrew]]
+Ăn Yidiș is written in an adapted Hebrew alphabet. To the extent possible, the standardized orthography is diaphonemic, i.e. each orthographic phoneme represents a Proto-Ăn Yidiș phoneme which is realized differently in each dialect.
+As in our Yiddish, non-Hebrew, non-Aramaic words are usually written phonetically (except when initial lenition is specified). Vowels are written with full letters or with full letters with vowel diacritics.
+===Consonants===
+Assume no initial lenition. The consonants are spelled as follows in non-Hebrew, non-Aramaic words:
+zero b v gh z ģ th d y c ch l ł m n ņ s p f ț c&#x326; g r ŗ ș t /0 p v k ɣ ts tʃ h t j kʰ χ l w m n s pʰ f tsʰ tʃʰ k r ʒ ʃ tʰ/ =
+א בּ ב ג ז ז&#1523; ח ט י(י) כּ כ/ך ל ל&#1523; מ/ם נ/ן נ&#1523;/ן&#1523; ס פּ ף צ/ץ כּ&#1523; ק ר ר&#1523; ש תּ
+ג&#1468;, ד&#1468;, ד in Hebrew and Aramaic loans are unaspirated /k/, /t/, /t/. ח in Hebrew loans represents /χ/.
+Rafe is used for initial lenition: בֿ גֿ זֿ&#1523; דֿ זֿ טֿ כֿ מֿ סֿ פֿ ףֿ צֿ צֿ&#1523; קֿ תֿ for bh gh ģh dh zh dh ch mh sh ph fh țh c&#x326;h gh th /v ɣ j ɣ j h x v h f 0 h ʃ x h/
+/j/ between two vowels is written יי.
+''ŗ'' is pronounced /ʃ/ after voiceless fricatives and aspirated stops: כּר'עי e.g. ''cŗey'' /kʰʃej/ 'earth, soil'.
+===Vowels===
+On the null initial, vowels are spelled as follows (in non-Hebrew, non-Aramaic words):
+אַ א אַי ע עא עי אי איע אָ אָא אָי אוֹ אוֹא אוֹי אוּ אוּע אוּי
+''a ă ay e ea ey i ie o oa oy u ua uy ü üe üy''
+For non-null initials the appropriate consonants are used replacing the null-initial aleph if necessary. For example:
+בּאַ בּא בּאַי בּע בּעא בּעי בּי בּיע בּאָ בּאָא בּאָי בּוֹ בּוֹא בּוֹי בּוּ בּוּע בּוּי
+''ba bă bay be bea bey bi bie bo boa boy bu bua buy bü büe büy''
+Hebrew words are spelled similarly to (Modern) Hebrew, with the following additional rules:
+* /o/ from qamatz qatan does not use vav as a mater lectionis.
+* A dagesh on bet, gimel, kaf, pe, or tav is always written when they represent their unlenited values, i.e. /p k kh ph th/. Note that ת = /s/ in Hebrew and Aramaic loans.
+===Other notes===
+By folk etymology, many native words which are coincidentally similar to Hebrew words are spelled as if they were derived from Hebrew:
+*כּלה'ק ''calăg'' (f) 'woman' "←" כּלה ''cală'' (f) 'bride, daughter-in-law', in ĂnY also 'young lady, lass' + ''-ăg'' diminutive suffix (''celăg, celă'' in some dialects with umlaut, reflecting MIr ''caile'')
+Another case of etymological spelling: The spelling of ייִדאך ''Yidăch'' 'Jew(ish)' was influenced by the Hebrew word יהודי 'ibid.'; the expected phonetic spelling would be ייִטאך. (It is actually inherited from Middle Irish ''*Iúdach''.)
+=== Punctuation ===
+Like Japanese, Ăn Yidiș does not usually use question marks; they're unnecessary because of question particles (they're still used in transliteration in this article). Question marks are only used when no interrogative particle or word is used, e.g. in single-word questions. The same convention is used when Ăn Yidiș speakers write in Hebrew.
+=== Miscellaneous ===
+Ăn Yidiș written "etymologically" in Old Irish orthography is not official anywhere, but is used e.g. in faux "Old Irish" signages for aesthetic purposes in secular Ăn Yidiș-speaking communities, sometimes in tandem with ''Learăgisiș'', a register of Ăn Yidiș with artificial archaisms. (Secular Ăn Yidiș schools usually dedicate a couple lessons to Learăgisiș and Old Irish.) The etymology might be wrong even for native words.
+It follows some well known Old Irish conventions like using ⁊ for ''is'' 'and' (e.g. ''⁊ so in tachless:'' for איס שאַ אן תּכלית ''is șa ăn tachlăs'' 'and the bottom line is:'). It uses dots for lenition when actual Old Irish manuscripts would not mark the lenition.
+Some Hebrew loans in Ăn Yidiș in this orthography:
+* ''seáilemm a·léchaimm'' שלום-עליכם ''șolăm ăléychăm'' (pretonic syllables are separated by an interpunct)
+* ''cdoí'' כּדי ''cdey'' 'in order to'
+* ''taichless'' תּכלית ''tachlis'' 'main point'
+* ''mo·nórae'' מנוֹרה ''mănúră'' 'menorah' (final schwa usually becomes ''ae'' or ''e'')
+* ''naer'' נר ''neyr'' 'candle'
+* ''toíd&#775;er'' תּיאור ''teyăr'' 'to describe'
+====Literally read Old Irish Hebrew====
+A common jokelang among classicists in Irta
 == Dialects ==