Proto-Hlou-Shum: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 13:34, 7 September 2014

Proto-Talsmic reconstructed consonants
		Labial	Alveolar	Lateral	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		*m	*n
Plosive	voiceless	*p	*t	*ƛ		*k	*q	*ʔ
	voiced	*b	*d	*λ		*g
	aspirated	*pʰ	*tʰ	*ƛʰ		*kʰ	*qʰ
Fricative	voiceless		*s	*ł				*h
Fricative	voiced		*z	*ḽ			*ʁ
Approximant		*w		*l	*j		*ʁ
Trill			*r

*ph *th *ƛh *kh *qh > resp. aspirates
First spirantization:
*qʰ > *χ

*pʰ > *f
Radicalization:
*q > *ʡ

*χ > *ħ
Assimilation of dentals:
*ts *ths > *ss

*dz *thz > *zz > later *z

*ƛs > *ƛʰ

*ƛz > λ
Some cluster changes:
*tk > *kt

*tp *db *kp *gb > *tw *dw *kw *gw (should be earlier than PTal?)

*kt *łt *kþ > *xt

*pþ > *ps

*ʡt > *ħt
Second spirantization:
tʰ > þ

kʰ > x

ƛʰ > ł

ʔC > C[+long]
C̓ʔ, Ch > Ce usually,
mʔ, nʔ, lʔ, rʔ > also mp, nt, lt, rt (especially in function morphemes)

mh, nh, lh, rh > also nf, nþ, lþ, rþ
Loss of laterals (nearly unique to Themsaran?):
ƛ > ŧ /ts/

ł > þ

λ > l, λλ > ld

ḽ > ð, ḽḽ > lð
Rhotacization:
z > r / _C[+voiced]

dl > rl
Epenthetic vowels are added:
CC[+resonant]# > CyC[+resonant]# and in many functional morphemes.
w > v (a velarized labiodental approximant)
ʁ / V_V, _C[+coronal] > v (a Themsarian-only sound change)
ʁ otherwise > ʕ
Loss of glottal stop:
- clitic =ʔ becomes final downstep
- vowel contractions: (~ denotes *ʔ or *h)
- *a~ > ā
- *a~e, *ajV *a~i > ae
- *aj, a~ī > ai
- *a~o, *awV(sometimes), *a~u > ao
- *aw, > au (sometimes)
- *e~C > eaC
- *ej, *ew, *e~ī > ei
- *e~u, *e~ū > ju, jū
- *ēj > ie
- *ē~ > ie (sometimes)
- *i~C > ieC
- *o~C > oaC
- *o~i, oj, u~i, uj > ȳ
- *o~ī > oi
- *ow > ū
- *u~C > uoC
- *u~ī > ui
*ʕ > *ħ
*vv, *zz > *wv *z
*bb *dd *gg > *mb *nd *ng; also *ʡʡ *ħħ > *ʡ *ħ, lengthening previous vowel
C[+radical] > *a / _#

@@ Line 112: / Line 112: @@
 ==Sound changes==
-#ph, th, ƛh, kh, qh > resp. aspirates
+#''*ph *th *ƛh *kh *qh'' > resp. aspirates
 #First spirantization:
-#:qʰ > χ
+#:''*qʰ > *χ''
-#:pʰ > f
+#:''*pʰ > *f''
 #Radicalization:
-#:q > ʡ
+#:''*q > *ʡ''
-#:χ > ħ
+#:''*χ > *ħ''
 #Assimilation of dentals:
-#:ts, ths > ss
+#:''*ts *ths'' > *ss''
-#:dz, thz > zz > later z
+#:''*dz *thz'' > ''*zz'' > later ''*z''
-#:ƛs > ƛʰ
+#:''*ƛs > *ƛʰ''
-#:ƛz > λ
+#:''*ƛz > λ''
 #Some cluster changes:
-#:tk > kt
+#:''*tk > *kt''
-#:tp, db, kp, gb > tv, dv, kv, gv (should be earlier than PTal?)
+#:''*tp *db *kp *gb > *tw *dw *kw *gw'' (should be earlier than PTal?)
-#:kt, łt, kþ > xt
+#:''*kt *łt *kþ'' > ''*xt''
-#:pþ > ps
+#:''*pþ'' > ''*ps''
-#:qt > ħt
+#:''*ʡt'' > ''*ħt''
 #Second spirantization:
 #:tʰ > þ