Zemljask: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 54: Line 54:
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ȵ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ȵ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])<sup>1</sup>
|-
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]]<sup>2</sup> || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]]<sup>2</sup> || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | &nbsp;[[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | &nbsp;[[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]]<sup>2</sup> || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
Line 67: Line 67:
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate|t͡s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceled alveolar sibilant affricate|d͡z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate|t͡s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceled alveolar sibilant affricate|d͡z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate|t͡ɕ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceled_alveolo-palatal_affricate|d͡ʑ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate|t͡ɕ]]<sup>3</sup> || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceled_alveolo-palatal_affricate|d͡ʑ]]<sup>3</sup>
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]]<sup>4</sup> || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]<sup>5</sup>
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʒ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʒ]]
Line 86: Line 86:
! [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
! [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]<sup>5</sup>
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant|ȴ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant|ȴ]]
Line 98: Line 98:
|-
|-
|}
|}
Notes:
# [ŋ] is an allophone of [n] when it occurs next to a Velar consonant (one of [k], [g], [x])
# The consonants /p/, /t/, /k/ are usually aspirated [p<sup>h</sup>], [t<sup>h</sup>], [k<sup>h</sup>].
# The pronunciation of the palatal consonants /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ varies by region. The Northern pronunciation is [t͡ɕ], [d͡ʑ], matching the Standard language as set out by the ''Mladźe Zemljska Reći'' while in the Central to Intermediate Southern regions, the typical pronunciation is [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ], and in the ''Dalmacask'' and ''Tragešćask'' dialects it typically is [t͡s], [d͡s]. The Southern feature is shared with some dialects of Polish.
# [f] is a very rare sound in Zemljask and appears primarily in words loaned from other languages. Some speakers in informal settings may merge this sound with [v].
# The sounds [v] and [l], in coda position, lenite to the approximant [ʋ].


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Line 114: Line 122:
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:IPA link|e]]
| [[w:IPA link|e]]
| [[w:Mid_central_vowel|(ə)r̩]]
| [[w:Mid_central_vowel|(ə)r̩]]<sup>1</sup>
| [[w:IPA link|o]]
| [[w:IPA link|o]]
|-
! [[w:IPA_link|Mid-Open]]
| [[w:IPA link|ɛ]]<sup>2</sup>
| [[w:IPA_Link|-]]
| [[w:IPA link|ɔ]]<sup>2</sup>
|-
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
|  
|
| [[w:Open_front_unrounded_vowel|a]]
| [[w:Open_front_unrounded_vowel|a]]
|  
|  
|}
|}
Notes:
# The syllabic consonant [r̩] is typically (and officially permitted to be) pronounced as [ər].
# the vowels [ɛ] and [ɔ] are both phonetic and phonemic, being vowels in their own right (written as <è> and <ò> respectively) as well as allophones of [e] and [o] when preceeded by a Soft-Consonant.

Revision as of 02:51, 19 April 2022

Zemljask
Reć Zemljska
Pronunciation[ret͡ɕ zémʎska]
Created byAleisi Galan
SettingSlovenia, Northern Croatia
Native toThe State of Zemlia, Illyria-Zemlia (RI&Z)
Early form
Old Zemljask
Standard form
Standard Zemljask
Dialects
  • Maribor (Marborgask)
  • Sereian/Northern (Serejask)
  • Ljubljana (Lavjanask)
  • Zagreb (Jezemljask)
  • Central (Medzask)
  • Triestino/Southern (Tragešćask)
  • Dalmatian (Dalmacask)
Official status
Official language in
Illyria-Zemlia (RI&Z)
Regulated byThe Council of the Zemljask Language (Rozjana Zemljska Reći)
Zemljask Locator.png
Borders of the Zemljask language (Mladźe Zemljska Reći)
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Zemljask (autoglossonym: reć zemljska; Zemljask: [ret͡ɕ zémʎska]) is an isolate Slavic language with strong influence from Vulgar Latin, Italian, and most of all Illyrian, the Latin-derived language to the south which historically controlled Zemlia until the Illyrian Civil War of 1978-1982. After this war, Zemlia became an independent country, with Zemljask as its sole official language, while Illyrian was relegated to regional minority status soon after the conclusion of the conflict.

While its vocabulary derives for the most part from Proto-Slavic, Latin influence is most notable in its grammar, as well as the colloquial speech of the southern regions.

Etymology

In English, the name of the language, Zemlian (officially Zemljask) derives directly from the name of the country - Zemlia. This name, in turn, derives from Zemljask "Zemlja", meaning land. This is a shortening of the traditional, now patriotic, Naša Zemlja (lit. our land) which, over time, became simply Zemlia. The name for the language is a derivative of this, being composed of the roots zemľa+-ьskъ, forming Zemľьskъ, which evolved into the modern Zemljask.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
Labial Alveolar Post-
alveolar
Palatal Velar
Nasal m n ȵ (ŋ)1
Stop p2 b t2 d  k2 ɡ
Affricate t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ3 d͡ʑ3
Fricative f4 v5 s z ʃ ʒ x
Approximant j
Lateral l5 ȴ
Trill r

Notes:

  1. [ŋ] is an allophone of [n] when it occurs next to a Velar consonant (one of [k], [g], [x])
  2. The consonants /p/, /t/, /k/ are usually aspirated [ph], [th], [kh].
  3. The pronunciation of the palatal consonants /t͡ɕ/ and /d͡ʑ/ varies by region. The Northern pronunciation is [t͡ɕ], [d͡ʑ], matching the Standard language as set out by the Mladźe Zemljska Reći while in the Central to Intermediate Southern regions, the typical pronunciation is [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ], and in the Dalmacask and Tragešćask dialects it typically is [t͡s], [d͡s]. The Southern feature is shared with some dialects of Polish.
  4. [f] is a very rare sound in Zemljask and appears primarily in words loaned from other languages. Some speakers in informal settings may merge this sound with [v].
  5. The sounds [v] and [l], in coda position, lenite to the approximant [ʋ].


Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i ɪ u
Mid e (ə)r̩1 o
Mid-Open ɛ2 - ɔ2
Open a

Notes:

  1. The syllabic consonant [r̩] is typically (and officially permitted to be) pronounced as [ər].
  2. the vowels [ɛ] and [ɔ] are both phonetic and phonemic, being vowels in their own right (written as <è> and <ò> respectively) as well as allophones of [e] and [o] when preceeded by a Soft-Consonant.