Verse:Mwtqwlqwj/Qwbmwdqwg: Difference between revisions

: [[{{PAGENAME}}/Proto|Cèd{{cll}}-Mijòrìje (Proto-{{PAGENAME}})]]

: [[{{PAGENAME}}/Names|E{{sīn}}me Mijòrìje (Majorcan names)]]

: [[{{PAGENAME}}/self|Zèl leaṫnaċ fil Mijòrìje]] ([[{{PAGENAME}}/self/IPA|IPA]])

|nativename = el Mijòrìje<br/>et teanga Mijòrìje<br/>teangatna

|name = Majorcan

|pronunciation = ə&#799;lmɪ{{adv}}jo{{adv}}r{{lam}}iːjə&#799;

|states = Majorca

'''Majorcan''' is a heavily Hibernized historical Arabic variety spoken in the [[Verse:Irta|Irta]] timeline's Balearic Islands comprising the nation of Majorca (natively ''el Mijòr'' [ə{{adv}}lmɪ{{adv}}ˈjo{{adv}}ːɾ{{lam}}ʲ], from Latin ''(insula) major'' 'bigger island'), an independent country where it's an official language alongside English. The native name for the language is ''el Mijòrìje'' or ''et teanga Mijòrìje'', but speakers may simply call the language ''teangatna'' [ˈt&#810;ʰæ̃ːʔʶʌtʶʰnʶʌ] 'our language'.

Majorcan has 850,000 speakers in Majorca; smaller Majorcan communities can be found in Southeast Asia, the British Isles, Eastern Canada, the West Coast of North America, and Bjeheond. Its speakers almost always also speak English; Modern Standard Latin and Irish are also widely understood in Majorca. Majorcans are predominantly Catholic; some are Remonitionists or Muslims. Education in Majorca is conducted in Majorcan and English up to secondary school level, and higher education is taught in mainly in English.

Irish loanwords, called ''clèm Ȝagmìje'' (from ''{{ayin}}aǧamiyya'' 'foreign' → 'Irish', maqām ʕaǧam in Irta also comes from Irish music), comprise over half of Majorcan vocabulary. Besides Irish, Majorcan has borrowed from French, [[Hyperfrench|Nyvierfusiez]] and English. Some Irish vocabulary in Majorcan, called ''Nùa-Ȝagmìje'' 'neo-<i>Ȝagmìje</i>', are in fact coinages by Majorcans. It's the only Irtan Semitic language that evolved naturally under Celtic influence ([[Knench]] is more Azalic-influenced, and Irta Modern Hebrew was revived by Celtic speakers). Majorcan is somewhat mutually intelligible with many Irta Neo-Arabic languages.

False friends between Majorcan, Irish and Ăn Yidiș

In Irta, the Balearic Islands was ruled by Muslim Arabs since the 10th century. An Irish clan took control of the islands by the 11th century, and established a vassal state of an Irta Medieval Irish kingdom which lasted until the 17th century when the Irta English Order of ___ took over. Majorca gained independence from the Irta English in 1940.  

Majorca briefly occupied Cambodia and parts of Thailand as well as parts of North America (e.g. Kansas and Oklahoma).

The Irish vocabulary in Majorcan reflects a fictional Middle Irish dialect which shows features of modern Munster Irish and our timeline's Scottish Gaelic; it was conservative in that broad dh (> Majorcan /zʶ/) was kept distinct from broad gh (> Majorcan /ʁ/). /a:/ was backed to [ɑ:] after broad consonants, explaining why Irish broad ''s'' and ''d'' were heard as /sˁ/ and /tˁ⁼/ by the Arabic speakers.

The first surviving text in Majorcan is dated to 1515.

Majorcan is an isolate within Irtan Arabic; it evolved from [[Majorcan/Proto|Proto-Majorcan]], a fictional vernacular Arabic variety similar to our old Maghrebi Arabic which had the following features:

One Englishism: ''mā́nduhš Gújjə xuG'' = 'he doesn't have a prayer for...' (This and "sad" comes from a Majorcanism in Irta English which shows up in Pacific English and a few British dialects but not in Quelftonian English)

** Bejz{{cll}}a is an Irta Majorcan town

Majorcan has an almost complete set of pairs of emphatic (''leat{{cda}}an{{cll}}'' [læ{{heth}}{{lowered}}ən{{den}}{{uvu}}]) and nonemphatic (''caol{{cll}}'' [q{{adv}}{{asp}}ɑjjəl{{den}}{{uvu}}]) consonants, formed from both native emphatic consonants (Classical Arabic T D S Z q became /d{{uvu}} z{{uvu}} s{{uvu}} z{{uvu}} ɢ/) and the contrast between broad (velarized) and slender (palatalized) consonants in borrowed Irish vocabulary. Irish broad and slender consonants are usually borrowed as emphatic and nonemphatic consonants, respectively. For referring to Majorcan we will use emphatic and broad, and nonemphatic and slender, as synonyms, as well as terms like "broadness spreading" and "slenderization".

Arabic /θ/ and /ð/ become Majorcan /d/ and /z/.

|+Consonant phonemes in Majorcan

! <small>uvularized</small>

! <small>uvularized</small>

* Preuvular consonants are halfway between velar and uvular for most speakers but are velar or uvular for some speakers; the velar realization is more common for older speakers. /ɢ&#799;/ in contemporary urban Majorcan is turning into [ʔʶ] (cf. Maltese and Egyptian Arabic /ʔ/ for older Arabic ''q''), even affecting Irish loans: ''teanga'' 'language' and ''guid{{cda}}e'' 'prayer' are pronounced [ˈt̪ʰænʶʔʶʌ] and [ˈʔʶʊ{{ret}}jjə] by the majority of younger speakers. This is often attributed to immigration from other parts of Irta's Arab world bringing the glottal stop reflex of Arabic ''q''.

Majorcan is usually analyzed as having 5 short monophthongs, 5 long monophthongs, and 4 diphthongs (not counting vowel + semivowel sequences) in stressed syllables. Some non-exhaustive common spellings for the vowels are given. Sometimes [æ] and [ɑ] (and their long counterparts) are analyzed as distinct phonemes, however this distinction is marginal.

In Majorca, Majorcan uses a Roman orthography which adopted changes to more faithfully reflect Arabic. Like many orthographies used in Irta, Majorcan orthography is based on the principles of etymological spelling and enabling many-to-one reading, with the latter taking precedence. In Gaelic type for Majorcan, the underline diacritic is rendered as slightly slanted horizontal strokes under the letter.  

Majorcans handwrite lowercase i and j without dots.

Sufi and Trician Majorcans use an adapted Arabic script devised by the Majorcan Sufi writer ___. The orthography uses invented letters and vowel diacritics made from Latin shapes (especially from Gaelic type) and Ogham for Majorcan consonants and vowels that don't exist in Arabic.

In post-independence Majorcan, ''el{{cll}}-guiḋe g{{cll}}av{{cll}}v{{cll}}i'' (''əL-Gújjə GáWWi'') is more common

*Irish nouns that slenderize the final consonant also slenderize the final consonant in Majorcan

The following heuristics are useful for guessing the gender of Majorcan ''inanimate'' nouns of Irish origin:

A Majorcan regular verb has five principal parts: past 3sg.m, future 3sg.m, imperative sg, passive participle, verbal noun

* ''ȝalcemm'' 'although'

Irish influence preserved or revived many conservative Semitic features of Majorcan syntax:

* (!) Stative verbs are different from Irish: tá mé i mo chodladh = nearg{{cll}}ad (stative verbs use the future tense in Majorcan)

! Majorcan

:[rɪt&#810;ʰˈveːl{{den}}d{{den}}ü ə&#799;lbn&#810;ɪd&#810;ˈmiːŋ&#799; ˈk&#799;ʰülhə&#799; ˈχɛːls{{den}}ə{{adv}} g̟ɪs{{den}} qʰʌwʶˈn&#810;ʶɑn&#810;ʶːʌ ˈf‿ürːɪmhüm ˌæg̟ɪs{{den}} fɪ k&#799;ʰə{{adv}}rʶˈt&#810;ʶʰɛːhʊ̈mʲ ‖ hümə{{adv}} ˈm{{uvu}}rʶɑpːʰæ bərrə&#799;ˈs{{den}}{{uvu}}uːn{{den}}{{uvu}} ˌæg̟ɪs{{den}} bə&#800;l&#810;ʶqʰʌˈʔɑwwʶʊs{{den}}ʶ ˌæg̟ɪs{{den}} æˈleːhümʲ ˈjʊmʶχrʶʊ ˈrʶʊɐħ&#798;ħ&#798;ʊm mæ ʃɪ&#799;lʃiːnʲ b‿meːnʲ ʔʶʊrʶ ˈæχwʶʌ]