Idavic languages

Idavic languages/Lexicon

Idavic languages/Swadesh

Idavic
Created by	–
Geographic distribution	Etalocin, eastern Txapoalli, Bjeheond
Linguistic classification	One of Tricin's primary language families
Proto-language	Proto-Idavic (PId)

Idavic (from reconstructed Proto-Idavic *ʔidawi 'person') is a Trician language family which includes Dodellic. The urheimat is central-western Etalocin. Proto-Idavic is inspired by Proto-Hebrew and Proto-Balto-Slavic.

Proto-Idavic grammar was very similar to that of Classical Netagin. Modern Idavic languages native to Etalocin have various typologies depending on the sprachbund.

Family tree

• Idavic
  • Netagic (the only tricons branch)
    • Netagin (Optimized for piyyutim)
  • Siro
  • Ouřefr (Czech + Dutch)
  • Eodlan (Skolt Sami and Old English inspired)
  • Pategic
    • Dodellic
      • Dodellian
    • sth with Sanskrit stops (but vowels shouldn't be Sanskrit-y; a bit more like Lithuanian?)
    • Pategian
    • some labialless language
    • Shalaian

Phonology

Consonants

Proto-Idavic had about 26 consonants and had a distinction between front and back coronals and front and back velars.

		Labial	Front coronal	Back coronal	Front velar	Back velar	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n̪~n̠/		ŋ /ɲ~ŋ/
Plosive	voiceless	p /p/	t /t̪/	ť /t̠/	ḱ /k̟/	k /k̠/	ʔ /ʔ/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d̪/	ď /d̠/	ǵ /g̟/	g /g̠/
Fricative			s /s̟/	š /s̠/	x́ /x̟/	x /x̠/	h /h/
Affricate			c /t̪s̟/	č /t̠s̠/
Resonant		w /w/	l /l̪/	r /r/, ľ /ɺ/	y /j/

s c were lamino-dental, and š č were retracted apico-alveolar.

Vowels

Proto-Idavic had a vowel system similar to that of Proto-Balto-Slavic.

Proto-Netagin vowels

	Front		Back
	short	long	short	long
Close	i /ɪ/	ī /i:/	u /ʊ/	ū /u:/
Open	e /æ/	ē /æ:/	a /ɑ/	ā /ɑ:/

Diphthongs: ay aw ey ew /ɑj ɑw ɛj ɛw/

Suprasegmentals

• Pitch accent: modal (á), creaky (ã)
  • Creaky voice is the source of glottal reinforcement in Shalaian, gemination in Netagin and Khmerization in Eodlan.

Morphology

Triconsonantal but only Netagin preserves this

Intransitive and transitive forms turn into agent-oriented vs patient oriented in Netagin; most other Idavic languages retain only one of the intransitive and transitive forms.

Pronouns

	1sg	2sg	3sg	1pl	2pl	3pl
Independent	*wēlu	*wēbu	-	*wēći	*wēnīʔi	-
Emphatic	*hanlī	*hanbā	(demonstratives)	*hanćā	*hannīʔi	(demonstratives)
Alienable	*le-	*be-	*ʔin-	*će-	*neśe-	*ʔeśe-
Inalienable	*-alu	*-abu	*-ī	*-ćā	*-nīʔi	*-iś

Nouns

	decl. A		decl. B		decl. C		decl. D
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
Absolute state	lēti	lētāla	ʔisteleḱi	ʔistelahaḱi	yāḱi	ŋiyāḱi	-īni	-ijē
Construct state	lēta-	lētā-	ʔisteleḱa-	ʔistelahaḱa-	yāḱa-	ŋiyāḱa-	-	-

Verbs

Stem markers mainly marked aktionsart:

• ʔ- dynamic
  • infix allomorphs: (Vcreaky)1 telic, 1V(creaky)l2V3 iterative
• ŋ- causative
• s-infix: to do in advance
• various reduplications for "a little", gradual, frequentative or "too much"

Stem	Intransitive	Transitive	Applicative	Transgressive	Verbal noun
a-stem	*1i2a3	*-(e)12a3	*-1in2a3	*1a2ā3	*1a2ī3i, *1e2ī3i
e-stem	*1a2e3	*-12e3	*-1in2e3	*ʔa1e2ā3	*12e3eḱi
ʔ-prefix stem	*ʔa12e3	*-ʔa12u3	*-ʔi1en2i3	*ʔa12ā3	*ʔa12ē3i
ŋ-prefix stem	*ŋa12e3	*-ŋ1a2u3	*-ŋ1in2i3	*ŋa12ā3	*12ū3eḱi
š-infix stem	*1aš2e3	*-1aš2u3	*-1išin2o3	*1aš2ā3	*1aš2ē3i
creaky stem	*1ã2e3	*-1ã2u3	*-1ĩn2i3	*1ã2ā3	*te1ã2e3i
2-redup	*21a2e3	*-2a12u3	*-21in2u3	*21a2ā3	*21a23eḱi
3-redup	*1i2a3e3	*-1a23u3	*-1in2i3u3	*1a2a3ā3	*12a3ē3i
13-redup	*1i31a2e3	*-1i3a12u3	*-1i31in2u3	*1i31a2ā3	*1i31a2ē3

Syntax

Proto-Idavic was rigidly head-initial with a morphosyntax similar to Lushootseed or Austronesian. Most present-day Idavic languages (except Netagin) are less head-initial.