Kuam

Pages with the prefix 'Kuam' in the and 'Talk' namespaces:

Kuam

Talk:

In Hmøøh, Kuam /ˈθiːən/ (Zzean: Zzea kī̄ /θiə̯˧ ki˥/, Eevo: łynøñ Þea) is an analytic monosyllabic tonal language spoken on the island country Zzea (Zzean: Zzea Lga̗y /θiə̯˧ ʟɑj˩˥/) off the southwestern coast of the continent Kjàt Må̀. Kuam has a complex tone system even for a Kjàt Må̀ language, with 5 level tones and 6 contour tones. It is head-final and SVO. Zzean belongs to a small family called the Zzeic languages but otherwise has no known relatives. Kuam is inspired by East and Southeast Asian tonal languages, Ojitlán Chinantec, Toda, and Saanich.

Phonology

The following is the phonology of Standard Zzean.

Phonotactics

A morpheme is almost always monosyllabic. A syllable always has the structure IR^T, where I = initial, R = rime, and T = tone. Kuam has 33 initials, 9 rimes, and 11 tones, making 3267 possible syllables.

Rimes

i/e/ə/ɑ/ej/əj/ɑj/iə̯/ɨə̯~ɨ

i/e/ə/a/ey/əy/ay/ea/ua

Initials

m/n̪/n/ɳ/p/t̪/t̪s̪/t/ts̠/tʃ/ʈ/ʈʂ/k/ʔ/f/θ/s̪/θ̠/s̠/ʃ/ʂ/x/h/l̪/ð̞/l/r/ɭ/ɻ/ʟ/ɰ/j/w

m/nh/n/nr/p/th/tz/t/ts/tx/tr/tsr/k/0/f/zz/z/ss/s/x/sr/kh/h/lh/zh/l/r/lr/rr/lg/g/y/w

Tones

English names: "top, high, mid, low, bottom, bottom-rise, mid-rise, top-fall, mid-fall, dip, peak"

˥/˦/˧/˨/˩/˩˥/˧˥/˥˩/˧˩/˨˩˨~˩˨/˨˧˨~˧˦˧~˦˨

ā̄/ā/a/a̱/a̱̱/a̗/á/à/a̖/a̬/â

Romanization	IPA	Description	Example
ā̄	/˥/	kā̄ /ləu˧/ 'short'
-n	low level / low checked (21~11)	laun /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile'
-b	high level / high falling (55~53)	Laub /ləu˥˧/ 'leaf'
-d	dipping / low falling (313~31)	Laud /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe'
-g	breathy mid level (33 + breathy)	laug /lə̤u˧/ 'to knit'
-s	rising (24)	laus /ləu˨˦/ 'to receive'
-ß	broken rising (3ˀ5)	Lauß /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle'

Tones have a high functional load in Þhea Kï. The following is a tonal minimal 11-tuplet:

• kā̄: short
• kā: coat
• ka: to take
• ka̱: to breathe
• ka̱̱: to burn (intrans.)
• ka̗: roof
• ká: fencepost
• kà: crow/raven; (ideophone) caw
• ka̖: finger
• ka̬: grease
• kâ: to imprint, to stamp

Tone box

	A (null or resonant coda) (2/6)	B (glottal stop coda) (1/6)	C (fricative coda) (1/6)	D (voiceless stop coda) (1/6)	E (voiced stop coda) (1/6)
Modal initial (3/8)	33 (a)	212 (a̬)	22 (a̱)	35 (á)	11 (a̱̱)
Breathy initial (3/8)	31 (a̖)	15 (a̗)	343 (â)	15 (a̗)	343 (â)
Creaky initial (2/8)	51 (à)	44 (ā)	11 (a̱̱)	55 (ā̄)	51 (à)

Awkwords input

C: m/nh/n/nr/p/th/tz/t/ts/tx/tr/tsr/k//f/zz/z/ss/s/x/sr/kh/h/lh/zh/l/r/lr/rr/lg/g/y/w

R: ā̄/ā/a/a̱/a̱̱/a̗/á/à/a̖/a̬/â/ā̄y/āy/ay/a̱y/a̱̱y/a̗y/áy/ày/a̖y/a̬y/ây/ē̄/ē/e/e̱/e̱̱/e̗/é/è/e̖/e̬/ê/ē̄y/ēy/ey/e̱y/e̱̱y/e̗y/éy/èy/e̖y/e̬y/êy/ē̄a/ēa/ea/e̱a/e̱̱a/e̗a/éa/èa/e̖a/e̬a/êa/ī̄/ī/i/i̱/i̱̱/i̗/í/ì/i̖/i̬/î/ə̄̄/ə̄/ə/ə̱/ə̱̱/ə̖/ə́/ə̀/ə̗/ə̬/ə̂/ə̄̄y/ə̄y/əy/ə̱y/ə̱̱y/ə̖y/ə́y/ə̀y/ə̗y/ə̬y/ə̂y/ū̄a/ūa/ua/u̱a/u̱̱a/u̖a/úa/ùa/u̗a/u̬a/ûa

Orthography

Zzean is written in the Zzean script and uses a very deep orthography, like Tibetan.

Vocabulary

Kuam is generally purist.