Modern Gothic: Difference between revisions

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| name = ''Modern Gothic''
| name = ''Modern Gothic''
|-
|-
| nativename = ''Gusenskius'',<br> ''Gusskus''
| nativename = Γnσɑvþɑʒɔ, ''Gusanrazd''<br> Γnσɑvþɑþɔ, ''Gusenrard''
| pronunciation =  [ˈgu.səns.kys] <br> [ˈgʊsː.kʊs]
| pronunciation =  /ˈgu.sən.ˌrast/ <br> /ˈgu.sən.ˌrɐrt/
|-
|-
|creator=sjacik
|creator=sjacik
|setting=''[[Yrof]]'' <br> ''Unnamed Alternate Timeline'' <br> ''MLP AU''
|setting=''Unnamed Alternate Timeline''
|-
|-
| state = Seefirian Kingdom, Gothia, Windish Atheldom
| state = Gothia
| ethnicity = Seefir, Human, Pegasus
| familycolor = Lightblue
| familycolor = Lightblue
| fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]
| fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]
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|ancestor=[[w:Gothic_language|Biblical Gothic]]
|ancestor=[[w:Gothic_language|Biblical Gothic]]
|-
|-
| nation =Seefirian Kingdom <br> Gothia <br> Windish Atheldom
| nation = Gothia
| minority =
| notice = IPA
| notice = IPA
}}
}}
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== Settings ==
== Settings ==
Modern Gothic is used in three different settings. The first is Yrof. Yrof is a fantasy world. The next is an alternate timeline where the Ostrogoths survived as a culture to the modern day. The last is a My Little Pony alternate universe called ''Constraints on Harmony''.
Modern Gothic is used in an alternate timeline where the Ostrogoths survived as a culture to the modern day.
== Dialects ==
== Dialects ==
There are 6 main dialects of Modern Gothic. These are divided into 3 branches: Coastal, Eastern, and Southern. Coastal is comprised of the Standard form of the language, the Northern varieties (NMG), and some that are related to the standard form.<br>
Modern Gothic is divided into 2 branches: Coastal and Eastern. Coastal is comprised of both the Standard form of the language, as well as the Colloquial form which is closer to how the language is spoken in the modern day. Eastern Gothic is the term for a group of dialects that have diverged heavily from the coastal varieties.<br>


Eastern is divided into Near and Far. Far Eastern Gothic (FEMG) has heavy Slavic influence, such as both stages of Slavic palatalization. Near Eastern Gothic (NEMG) only went through the second stage.<br>
From the late 19th century until 1977, there existed an artificially archaic form of the language that was used as the literary standard.  
 
Southern Gothic (DMG) has significant Greek influences. It is the most conservative of all the dialects.


=== Sound changes from Biblical Gothic to Middle Gothic ===
=== Sound changes from Biblical Gothic to Middle Gothic ===
==== General ====
==== General ====
/kʷ/ was re-analyzed as /kw/. <br>
/kʷ/ was re-analyzed as /kw/. <br>
* Gothic ''qiman'' → ''*kiuman'' → ''kiumaz / kumes / NMG kyms'', 'to come'. <br>
* Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 ''qiman'' → ''*kwiman'' → pbμɑʒ ''kiomaz'' / pıμɜσ ''kimes'' / pbμσ ''kyms'', 'to come'. <br>
/mn/ assimilated to /mː/. <br>
/mn/ assimilated to /mː/. <br>
* Gothic ''himins'' → ''*himns'' → ''emm'', 'heaven'.
* Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 ''himins'' → ''*himms'' → εμμ ''emm'', 'heaven'.


==== Elision ====
==== Elision ====
Unstressed, short vowels are elided when near stressed and/or long occurrences of the same vowel.
Unstressed, short vowels are elided when near stressed and/or long occurrences of the same vowel.
* Gothic ''alamanns'' → ''*almanns'' → ''almann'', 'German'.
* Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐍃 ''alamanns'' → ''*almanns'' → ɑлμɑvv ''almann'', 'German'.


==== Metathesis ====
==== Metathesis ====
This primarily happened with liquids. if /l r/ are adjacent to /h/, they are switched so /h/ is either directly before or after a vowel. <br>
This primarily happened with liquids. if /l r/ are adjacent to /h/, they are switched so /h/ is either directly before or after a vowel. <br>
* Gothic ''marhs'' → ''*mahrs'' → ''mȃr'', 'horse'. <br>
* Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌷𐍃 ''marhs'' → ''*mahrs'' → μɑ̑p ''mȃr'', 'horse'. <br>
* Gothic ''hlahjan'' → ''*lhahjn'' → ''ȃȃjz / ȃȃjs'', 'to laugh'.
* Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 ''hlahjan'' → ''*lhahjn'' → ɑ̑ɑ̑ɥʒ / ɑ̑ɑ̑ɥσ ''ȃȃjz / ȃȃjs'', 'to laugh'.


==== H-Lowering ====
==== H-Lowering ====
V + ''h'' clusters, or ''h'' + V, caused the vowel to be lowered. If the /h/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. <br>
V + ''h'' clusters, or ''h'' + V, caused the vowel to be lowered. If the /h/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. <br>
* Gothic ''hardus'' → ''ȃrd'', 'hard'. <br>
* Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 ''hardus'' → ɑ̑þɔ ''ȃrd'', 'hard'. <br>
* Gothic ''saihs'' → ''*saas'' → ''saa'', 'six'.
* Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 ''saihs'' → ''*saas'' → σɑɑ ''saa'', 'six'.


==== W-Rounding ====
==== W-Rounding ====
V + ''w'' clusters, or ''w'' + V, caused the vowel to be rounded. If the /w/ or /u̯/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. Back vowels, /u ɔ uː oː ɔː/, become longer. <br>
V + ''w'' clusters, or ''w'' + V, caused the vowel to be rounded. If the /w/ or /u̯/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. Back vowels, /u ɔ uː oː ɔː/, became longer regardless if /w/ followed or preceded. <br>
* Gothic ''wintrus'' → ''*iuntrus'' → ''iuttre / uttre / NMG yttr'', 'winter'. <br>
* Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 ''wintrus'' → ''*iontrus'' → bττþɑ ''iottra'' / ıττɜþ ''itter'' / bττþ NMG ''yttr'', 'winter'. <br>
* Gothic ''fidwor'' → ''fidoer / fidor '', 'four'. <br>
* Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 ''fidwor'' → çıɔoɑþ / çıɔoþ ''fidoar / fidor '', 'four'. <br>
* Gothic ''thiuda'' → ''thiudh / thuth'', 'people'.
* Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 ''thiuda'' → ψuɔ̑ / ψuψ ''thiudh / thiuth'', 'people'.




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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!  !! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Glottal
!  !! Labial !! Dental !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Glottal
|-
|-
| Nasal || m || n || (ŋ)<sup>1</sup> ||  
| Nasal || m ||  || n || (ŋ)<sup>1</sup> ||  
|-
|-
| Stop || p<sup>2</sup> b || t<sup>2</sup> d || k<sup>2</sup> g ||  
| Stop || p<sup>2</sup> b ||  || t<sup>2</sup> d || k<sup>2</sup> g ||  
|-
|-
| Affricate ||  || tʃ dʒ ||  ||  
| Affricate ||  ||  || tʃ dʒ ||  ||  
|-
|-
| Fricative || f v<sup>3</sup> || t s ʃ ʒ || x || h<sup>4</sup>
| Fricative || f v<sup>3</sup> || θ ð || t s ʃ ʒ || x || (h)<sup>4</sup>
|-
|-
| Approximant ||  ||  || j ||  
| Approximant ||  ||  ||  || j ||  
|-
|-
| Trill ||  || r ||  ||
| Trill ||  ||  || r ||  ||
|}
|}
<sup>1</sup> /ŋ/ is found only before the velar stops <br>
<sup>1</sup> /ŋ/ is found only before the velar stops <br>
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! !! Front !! Central !! Back
! !! scope="colgroup" colspan="2" | Front !! Central !! Back
|-
|  || Unrounded || Rounded ||
|-
|-
| Close || i iː iə̯   y yː yə̯ || || u uː uə̯
| Close || i iː iə̯ || y yː yə̯ || ɨ ɨː || u uː uə̯
|-
|-
| Close-mid || eː eə̯   øː øə̯  || || oː oə̯
| Close-mid || ɪ eː eə̯ || øː øə̯  || || ʊ oː oə̯
|-
|-
| Open-mid || ɛ ɛː ɛə̯   œ œː œə̯ || ə || ɔ ɔː ɔə̯
| Open-mid || ɛ ɛː ɛə̯ ||œ œː œə̯ || ə || ɔ ɔː ɔə̯
|-
|-
| Open || a aː aə̯ ||  || ɑ ɑː ɑə̯
| Open || a aː aə̯ ||  ||  || ɑ ɑː ɑə̯
|}
|}
/ɑə̯/ is incredibly rare, as the environment it comes from was mostly found only in compounds. <br>
/ɑə̯/ is incredibly rare, as the environment it comes from was mostly found only in compounds. <br>
The centering diphthongs come from overlong vowels in Middle Gothic. No surviving dialect kept them as overlong. They were either broken or shortened.
The centering diphthongs come from overlong vowels in Middle Gothic. No surviving dialect has kept them as overlong. They were either broken or shortened.

Revision as of 15:44, 19 July 2023


Modern Gothic
Γnσɑvþɑʒɔ, Gusanrazd
Γnσɑvþɑþɔ, Gusenrard
Pronunciation[/ˈgu.sən.ˌrast/
/ˈgu.sən.ˌrɐrt/]
Created bysjacik
SettingUnnamed Alternate Timeline
Native toGothia
Early form
Official status
Official language in
Gothia
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Modern Gothic is an East Germanic language descended from a language similar to Biblical Gothic. Words will be given in Standard Modern Gothic and Colloquial Modern Gothic, if they differ.

Settings

Modern Gothic is used in an alternate timeline where the Ostrogoths survived as a culture to the modern day.

Dialects

Modern Gothic is divided into 2 branches: Coastal and Eastern. Coastal is comprised of both the Standard form of the language, as well as the Colloquial form which is closer to how the language is spoken in the modern day. Eastern Gothic is the term for a group of dialects that have diverged heavily from the coastal varieties.

From the late 19th century until 1977, there existed an artificially archaic form of the language that was used as the literary standard.

Sound changes from Biblical Gothic to Middle Gothic

General

/kʷ/ was re-analyzed as /kw/.

  • Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 qiman → *kwiman → pbμɑʒ kiomaz / pıμɜσ kimes / pbμσ kyms, 'to come'.

/mn/ assimilated to /mː/.

  • Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 himins → *himms → εμμ emm, 'heaven'.

Elision

Unstressed, short vowels are elided when near stressed and/or long occurrences of the same vowel.

  • Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐍃 alamanns → *almanns → ɑлμɑvv almann, 'German'.

Metathesis

This primarily happened with liquids. if /l r/ are adjacent to /h/, they are switched so /h/ is either directly before or after a vowel.

  • Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌷𐍃 marhs → *mahrs → μɑ̑p mȃr, 'horse'.
  • Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 hlahjan → *lhahjn → ɑ̑ɑ̑ɥʒ / ɑ̑ɑ̑ɥσ ȃȃjz / ȃȃjs, 'to laugh'.

H-Lowering

V + h clusters, or h + V, caused the vowel to be lowered. If the /h/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened.

  • Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 hardus → ɑ̑þɔ ȃrd, 'hard'.
  • Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 saihs → *saas → σɑɑ saa, 'six'.

W-Rounding

V + w clusters, or w + V, caused the vowel to be rounded. If the /w/ or /u̯/ was after the vowel, said vowel gets lengthened. Back vowels, /u ɔ uː oː ɔː/, became longer regardless if /w/ followed or preceded.

  • Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 wintrus → *iontrus → bττþɑ iottra / ıττɜþ itter / bττþ NMG yttr, 'winter'.
  • Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 fidwor → çıɔoɑþ / çıɔoþ fidoar / fidor , 'four'.
  • Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 thiuda → ψuɔ̑ / ψuψ thiudh / thiuth, 'people'.


Standard New Gothic

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental Coronal Dorsal Glottal
Nasal m n (ŋ)1
Stop p2 b t2 d k2 g
Affricate tʃ dʒ
Fricative f v3 θ ð t s ʃ ʒ x (h)4
Approximant j
Trill r

1 /ŋ/ is found only before the velar stops
2 The voiceless stops are unaspirated
3 /v/ is realized as [w] intervocally
4 /h/ is only found between vowels, and is used to break up vowel sequences

Vowels

Front Central Back
Unrounded Rounded
Close i iː iə̯ y yː yə̯ ɨ ɨː u uː uə̯
Close-mid ɪ eː eə̯ øː øə̯ ʊ oː oə̯
Open-mid ɛ ɛː ɛə̯ œ œː œə̯ ə ɔ ɔː ɔə̯
Open a aː aə̯ ɑ ɑː ɑə̯

/ɑə̯/ is incredibly rare, as the environment it comes from was mostly found only in compounds.
The centering diphthongs come from overlong vowels in Middle Gothic. No surviving dialect has kept them as overlong. They were either broken or shortened.

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