Verse:Mwail/Tucootka/Lexicon: Difference between revisions

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==Nouns==

{{PAGENAME}} nouns decline in definiteness, three numbers (singular, dual and plural), and four cases (nominative, genitive-accusative, dative, instrumental-locative). Unusually for a modern Semitic language, case distinctions are productive and mandatory. ~~Diachronically,~~ the ~~declension paradigm a noun belongs to is a function~~ of the ~~declension class it was analyzed as, as well as~~ the noun~~'s gender~~.

{{PAGENAME}} nouns decline in definiteness, three numbers (singular, dual and plural), and four cases (nominative, genitive-accusative, dative, instrumental-locative). Unusually for a modern Semitic language, case distinctions are productive and mandatory. There is no counterpart to the construct state of other Semitic languages; however, the possessor always follows the noun.

{{PAGENAME}} nouns are notable for inheriting the oldest version of the Proto-Semitic case system, the diptotic (two-case) system, with nominative singular ''-''Ø < {{recon|''-ъ''}} < PSem {{recon|''-u''}} and genitive/accusative singular ''-o'' < PSem {{recon|''-a''}}. Feminine singular nominative {{recon|''-atu''}} was changed to {{recon|''-ā''}} > ''-a'' under Indo-European influence. The dative and instrumental/locative are older than the definite affixes and were formed by suffixing inflected forms of the prepositions *la 'to' and *bi 'with/by, in'. This means that overall, the fusional nature of the Semitic nominal declension is well-preserved.

The definiteness suffixes arose from cliticized demonstratives: e.g. ''vodov'' 'the child' (nom.) < {{recon|''voldъ-vъ''}} < {{recon|''waldu ðū''}}; ''porosili'' 'the horses' (gen./acc.) < {{recon|''porosi-ъli''}} < {{recon|''parašī ʔulī''}}.

Nouns fall into one of several declension paradigms. Diachronically, the declension paradigm a noun belongs to is a function of the declension class it was analyzed as, as well as the noun's gender.

===Masculine nouns of type ''júm''===

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 ==Nouns==
-{{PAGENAME}} nouns decline in definiteness, three numbers (singular, dual and plural), and four cases (nominative, genitive-accusative, dative, instrumental-locative). Unusually for a modern Semitic language, case distinctions are productive and mandatory. Diachronically, the declension paradigm a noun belongs to is a function of the declension class it was analyzed as, as well as the noun's gender.
+{{PAGENAME}} nouns decline in definiteness, three numbers (singular, dual and plural), and four cases (nominative, genitive-accusative, dative, instrumental-locative). Unusually for a modern Semitic language, case distinctions are productive and mandatory. There is no counterpart to the construct state of other Semitic languages; however, the possessor always follows the noun.
 {{PAGENAME}} nouns are notable for inheriting the oldest version of the Proto-Semitic case system, the diptotic (two-case) system, with nominative singular ''-''Ø < {{recon|''-ъ''}} < PSem {{recon|''-u''}} and genitive/accusative singular ''-o'' < PSem {{recon|''-a''}}. Feminine singular nominative {{recon|''-atu''}} was changed to {{recon|''-ā''}} > ''-a'' under Indo-European influence. The dative and instrumental/locative are older than the definite affixes and were formed by suffixing inflected forms of the prepositions *la 'to' and *bi 'with/by, in'. This means that overall, the fusional nature of the Semitic nominal declension is well-preserved.
 The definiteness suffixes arose from cliticized demonstratives: e.g. ''vodov'' 'the child' (nom.) < {{recon|''voldъ-vъ''}} < {{recon|''waldu&nbsp;ðū''}}; ''porosili'' 'the horses' (gen./acc.) < {{recon|''porosi-ъli''}} < {{recon|''parašī&nbsp;ʔulī''}}.
+Nouns fall into one of several declension paradigms. Diachronically, the declension paradigm a noun belongs to is a function of the declension class it was analyzed as, as well as the noun's gender.
 ===Masculine nouns of type ''júm''===