Old Grekelin: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name              = Proto-Grekelin
|name              = Proto-Grekelin
|nativename        = Γρεκέλην, Grekélin
|nativename        = Grekélin
|state            = Hungary, Serbia, Austria
|state            = Kingdom of Hungary, Ottoman Empire
|created          = 2023
|created          = 2023
|familycolor      = Indo-European
|familycolor      = Indo-European
|fam2              = [[w:Hellenic languages|Hellenic]]
|fam2              = [[w:Hellenic languages|Hellenic]]
|fam3              = Urlogrok (?)
|ancestor          = Proto-Grekelin
|creator          = Aggelos Tselios
|creator          = Aggelos Tselios
|dia1              = Northern
|dia1              = Northern
Line 13: Line 11:
|dia3              = Slavic
|dia3              = Slavic
|dia4              = Western-Germanic
|dia4              = Western-Germanic
|stand1            = Urlogreckae ('Υρλόγρέκέλινιν')
|script1          = Latn
|script1          = Latn
|agency            = Grekelin Language Administration
|notice            = IPA
|notice            = IPA
}}
}}


Proto-Grekelin refers to the ancestral language of [[Grekelin|Grekelin]] which appears to have been spoken in the 13th to 16th centuries, before eventually evolving into Grekelin. Proto-Grekelin is mutually intelligible with both Greek and Grekelin but also maintains strong influence from Hungarian. Proto-Grekelin is made up by a series of slightly different dialects depending on their location. Modern Grekelin descends from the Northern Dialect.
Proto-Grekelin ([[Grekelin]]: **Egycsi-Grekelin**, [ɛˈɟˠu̯.t͡si ˈɡrɛ.kɛɬiŋ]) is the initial stage of Grekelin, when it first began splitting from Greek between the 12th to 16th centuries during the Greek migration to Hungary. While considered a single language, it was made up of 3 loosely similar dialects. Proto-Grekelin is still spoken today in a small village although it is critically endangered and will go extinct before 2100.


==Orthography==
The migration of Greek populations and their settlements in the Kingdom of Hungary created a massive distance between Greek and Grekelin, and with little education and linguistic isolation, the Greek populace began speaking a divergent dialect, with lots of Hungarian influence, that eventually made the language split from Greek. By the time of Greek independence (19th century), the Grekelin speakers had already a highly divergent language that didn't resemble Greek as much.
The Proto-Grekelin alphabet was not standardized; The speakers either used the Greek or the Latin script and often borrowed more letters when one was already used for a sound. Below is the Latin version, which was used in Austria and some parts of Vojvodina.
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="21" | Letters of the Proto-Grekelin (Latin) alphabet
|-
| Aa || Bb || Gg || Dd || Ee || Zz || Θθ || Ii || Kk || Ll || Mm || Nn || Xx || Oo || Pp || Rr || Ss || Tt || Ff || Jj || Vv
|}
</center>
Very often, the additional letters ''c, ψ, η'' were used for some sounds such as (Respectively) s, ps, ae.


Due to the lack of standardization and multiple attempts by ruling nations to assimilate the Grekelin language, it was very often that Grekelin texts were using the orthography of German and Hungarian, hence changing multiple words over the years due to different digraphs (eg. /ɣ/ was written like "gh" in German speaking parts and "j" in Hungarian ones, hence Grekelin may be found as either Ghreckelin or even Jreckely on some texts)
Proto-Grekelin is the linguistic link between the Byzantine Greeks that settled in Hungary, who spoke the vernacular Medieval Greek, and Standard (Modern) Grekelin which is the final product of this dialect or proto-language.
==Stress==
Being a Hellenic language, Proto-Grekelin kept the stress at one of the last three syllables, and does not have the freedom of [[Grekelin|Grekelin]]. Borrowed words were forced to be stressed in the second from last syllable, as part of a wider assimilation of phonemes. Agglutination, hence, was not yet present in the language, but came later on along with extended Magyarization).


==History==
In the 12th century, with the Byzantine Empire constantly declining, many Greeks began moving to the Kingdom of Hungary, which offered them prestigious rights within the state in exchange for volunteering in the army and protecting the Kingdom's borders. As the number of them began increasing, they began founding Greek villages in the countryside, where they could still communicate as they now amounted up to 100.000. The first villages were bui
From the mid-14th to the 17th century Ottoman expansion in the Balkans reached Grekelin-speaking areas, reducing the spoken language's population significantly. Regardless, the language managed to remain alive within the Austrian Empire, which had conquered the northernmost parts of what is now Slovakia and Czechia. Ottoman rule imported some words that are cognates with Greek ones (Eg. **Χαράτσι, Harajza** (Unjustified high tax), **Μπαχάρι, Baharrya** (Spice))
==Dialects==
==Dialects==
Proto-Grekelin had been spoken across different parts of Central Europe, usually with no connection between the populations speaking Proto-Grekelin, evolving completely differently from one another. The 4 known dialects so far are:
Proto-Grekelin had been spoken across different parts of Central Europe, usually with no connection between the populations speaking Proto-Grekelin, evolving completely differently from one another. The 4 known dialects so far are:
:: - Northern Dialect, which was directly derived from [[Urlogrok|Urlogrok]] and the main ancestor to Grekelin.
:: - Northern Dialect, which was directly derived from [[Urlogrok|Urlogrok]] and the main ancestor to Grekelin.
:: - The Danubian dialect, which went extinct fast. It was spoken primarily in Buda-Pest (Before the cities unified).
:: - The Slavic dialect which also involved into the Slavic dialect of Grekelin. It was probably the only dialect in contact with another (Northern).
:: - The Slavic dialect which also involved into the Slavic dialect of Grekelin. It was probably the only dialect in contact with another (Northern).
:: - Western-Germanic, which was spoken in Eastern Austria (Mostly Burgenland). Eventually it went extinct after giving Grekelin some Germanic influence.
:: - Western-Germanic, which was spoken in Eastern Austria (Mostly Burgenland). Eventually it went extinct after giving Grekelin some Germanic influence.
Line 45: Line 33:
The differences between dialects were huge in their last documented stage (15th century):
The differences between dialects were huge in their last documented stage (15th century):
:: - Northern: Tilo egy percho vizo.
:: - Northern: Tilo egy percho vizo.
:: - Danubian: *A egy vissi percho thήlo.
:: - Slavic: Tilo egy ckasta vodae.
:: - Slavic: Tilo egy ckasta vodae.
:: - Western-Germanic: Ich thilo eni preg vazzer.
:: - Western-Germanic: Ich thilo eni preg vazzer.
:: - Modern Grekelin (Latinized): Ich thilo eghy perchi viza.
:: - Modern Grekelin (Latinized): Gro tilko egy pakharri idra


Despite Grekelin now being one language with two variants, some consider the Slavic dialect a seperate language, since it derives from another Proto-Grekelin dialect (Compare the Slavic and Northern dialects from above) and was not in contact with the rest of the Proto-Grekelin dialects for over 500 years.
Despite Grekelin now being one language with two variants, some consider the Slavic dialect a seperate language, since it derives from another Proto-Grekelin dialect (Compare the Slavic and Northern dialects from above) and was not in contact with the rest of the Proto-Grekelin dialects for over 500 years.

Revision as of 22:02, 26 August 2023

Proto-Grekelin
Grekélin
Created byAggelos Tselios
Date2023
Native toKingdom of Hungary, Ottoman Empire
Indo-European
Dialects
  • Northern
  • Danubian
  • Slavic
  • Western-Germanic
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Proto-Grekelin (Grekelin: **Egycsi-Grekelin**, [ɛˈɟˠu̯.t͡si ˈɡrɛ.kɛɬiŋ]) is the initial stage of Grekelin, when it first began splitting from Greek between the 12th to 16th centuries during the Greek migration to Hungary. While considered a single language, it was made up of 3 loosely similar dialects. Proto-Grekelin is still spoken today in a small village although it is critically endangered and will go extinct before 2100.

The migration of Greek populations and their settlements in the Kingdom of Hungary created a massive distance between Greek and Grekelin, and with little education and linguistic isolation, the Greek populace began speaking a divergent dialect, with lots of Hungarian influence, that eventually made the language split from Greek. By the time of Greek independence (19th century), the Grekelin speakers had already a highly divergent language that didn't resemble Greek as much.

Proto-Grekelin is the linguistic link between the Byzantine Greeks that settled in Hungary, who spoke the vernacular Medieval Greek, and Standard (Modern) Grekelin which is the final product of this dialect or proto-language.

History

In the 12th century, with the Byzantine Empire constantly declining, many Greeks began moving to the Kingdom of Hungary, which offered them prestigious rights within the state in exchange for volunteering in the army and protecting the Kingdom's borders. As the number of them began increasing, they began founding Greek villages in the countryside, where they could still communicate as they now amounted up to 100.000. The first villages were bui

From the mid-14th to the 17th century Ottoman expansion in the Balkans reached Grekelin-speaking areas, reducing the spoken language's population significantly. Regardless, the language managed to remain alive within the Austrian Empire, which had conquered the northernmost parts of what is now Slovakia and Czechia. Ottoman rule imported some words that are cognates with Greek ones (Eg. **Χαράτσι, Harajza** (Unjustified high tax), **Μπαχάρι, Baharrya** (Spice))

Dialects

Proto-Grekelin had been spoken across different parts of Central Europe, usually with no connection between the populations speaking Proto-Grekelin, evolving completely differently from one another. The 4 known dialects so far are:

- Northern Dialect, which was directly derived from Urlogrok and the main ancestor to Grekelin.
- The Slavic dialect which also involved into the Slavic dialect of Grekelin. It was probably the only dialect in contact with another (Northern).
- Western-Germanic, which was spoken in Eastern Austria (Mostly Burgenland). Eventually it went extinct after giving Grekelin some Germanic influence.

The differences between dialects were huge in their last documented stage (15th century):

- Northern: Tilo egy percho vizo.
- Slavic: Tilo egy ckasta vodae.
- Western-Germanic: Ich thilo eni preg vazzer.
- Modern Grekelin (Latinized): Gro tilko egy pakharri idra

Despite Grekelin now being one language with two variants, some consider the Slavic dialect a seperate language, since it derives from another Proto-Grekelin dialect (Compare the Slavic and Northern dialects from above) and was not in contact with the rest of the Proto-Grekelin dialects for over 500 years.