Talk:Ranic languages: Difference between revisions
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| Line 587: | Line 587: | ||
! 2.m | ! 2.m | ||
| ''re!'' | | ''re!'' | ||
|rowspan="2"| ''rija!'' || '' | |rowspan="2"| ''rija!'' || ''ré!'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2.f | ! 2.f | ||
| ''rí!'' || ''reno!'' | | ''rí!'' || ''reno!'' | ||
! colspan="4" | Present | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="4" | | ! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural | ||
|- | |||
! 1 | |||
| ''rájok'' || ''rájna'' || ''rájne'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2.m | |||
| ''rájot'' | |||
|rowspan="2"| ''rájtma'' || ''rájtme'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2.f | |||
| ''rájoc'' || ''rájtno'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3.m | |||
| ''ráj''|| ''rája'' || ''ráje'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3.f | |||
| ''rája'' || ''rájota'' || ''rájno'' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Preterite | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural | ! style="width: 100px;" | !! style="width: 100px;" | Singular !! style="width: 100px;" | Dual !! style="width: 100px;" | Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1 | ! 1 | ||
| ''nóri'' || '' | | ''nóri'' || ''nórija'' || ''nóré'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2.m | ! 2.m | ||
| ''tóri'' | | ''tóri'' | ||
|rowspan="2"| '' | |rowspan="2"| ''tórija'' || ''tóré'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2.f | ! 2.f | ||
| Line 608: | Line 627: | ||
! 3.m | ! 3.m | ||
| ''jéri'' | | ''jéri'' | ||
|rowspan="2"| '' | |rowspan="2"| ''jérija'' || ''jéré'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3.f | ! 3.f | ||
Revision as of 03:09, 15 April 2015
G-stems: joktol
Regular (strong) paradigm
| kotlec, ktol, joktol, kotol, katel 'kill' | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun | |||
| kotlec | |||
| Participle | |||
| katel | |||
| Imperative | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 2.m | ktol! | ktola! | ktoly! |
| 2.f | ktoli! | ktolno! | |
| Subjunctive | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | noktol | noktla | noktly |
| 2.m | toktol | toktla | toktly |
| 2.f | toktli | toktolno | |
| 3.m | joktol | joktla | joktly |
| 3.f | joktli | joktolno | |
| Aorist | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | kotolok | kotolna | kotolny |
| 2.m | kotolot | kotoltma | kotoltmy |
| 2.f | kotoloc | kotoltna | |
| 3.m | kotol | kotola | kotoly |
| 3.f | kotola | kotolota | kotolno |
Weak paradigm: I-*ʔ
NB. Look at what happens before the second radical.
| ocíc, ci, jóci, ocě, ací 'come' | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun | |||
| ocíc | |||
| Participle | |||
| ací | |||
| Imperative | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 2.m | ci! | cě! | cý! |
| 2.f | cí! | cino! | |
| Preterite | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | nóci | nócě | nócý |
| 2.m | tóci | tócě | tócý |
| 2.f | tócí | tócino | |
| 3.m | jóci | jócě | jócý |
| 3.f | jócí | jócino | |
Weak paradigm: I-*m/n
| jęcén 'give' | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun | |||
| cnec | |||
| Present participle | |||
| nacen | |||
| Stative passive participle | |||
| nocyn | |||
| Past participle | |||
| nocon | |||
| Imperative | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 2.m | cen! | cna! | cny! |
| 2.f | cni! | cenno! | |
| Subjunctive | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | nǫcen | nǫcna | nǫcny |
| 2.m | tǫcen | tǫcna | tǫcny |
| 2.f | tǫcni | tǫcenno | |
| 3.m | jęcen | jęcna | jęcny |
| 3.f | jęcni | jęcenno | |
| Preterite | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | nǫcén | nǫcéna | nǫcény |
| 2.m | tǫcén | tǫcéna | tǫcény |
| 2.f | tǫcéni | tǫcénno | |
| 3.m | jęcén | jęcéna | jęcény |
| 3.f | jęcéni | jęcénno | |
Weak paradigm: I-*w
| voldec, led, juled, volod, valed 'beget, mother/father' | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun | |||
| voldec | |||
| Participle | |||
| valed | |||
| Imperative | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 2.m | led! | leda! | ledy! |
| 2.f | ledi! | ledno! | |
| Subjunctive | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | nuled | nuleda | nuledy |
| 2.m | tuled | tuleda | tuledy |
| 2.f | tuledi | tuledno | |
| 3.m | juled | juleda | juledy |
| 3.f | juledi | juledno | |
| Aorist | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | volodok | volodna | volodny |
| 2.m | volodot | volótma | volótmy |
| 2.f | volodoc | volótno | |
| 3.m | volod | voloda | volody |
| 3.f | voloda | volodota | volodno |
Hollow-Y
Hollow-W
Weak paradigm: III-*ʔ
NB. Look at what happens after the second radical
| boróc, bró, jobró, boró, barí 'create, cause' | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun | |||
| boróc | |||
| Participle | |||
| barí | |||
| Imperative | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 2.m | bró! | brova! | brovy! |
| 2.f | broji! | bróno! | |
| Subjunctive | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | nobró | nobrova | nobrovy |
| 2.m | tobró | tobrova | tobrovy |
| 2.f | tobroji | tobróno | |
| 3.m | jobró | jobrova | jobrovy |
| 3.f | jobroji | jobróno | |
| Aorist | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | borók | boróna | boróny |
| 2.m | borót | borótma | borótmy |
| 2.f | boróc | borótno | |
| 3.m | boró | borova | borovy |
| 3.f | borova | borovota | boróno |
| šonovec, šní, jošní, šoní, šaní 'be angry at, resent' | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun | |||
| šonovec | |||
| Participle | |||
| šaní | |||
| Imperative | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 2.m | šní! | šně! | šnevy! |
| 2.f | šní! | šníno! | |
| Subjunctive | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | ošní | nošně | nošní |
| 2.m | tošní | tošně | tošnevy |
| 2.f | tošní | tošníno | |
| 3.m | jošní | jošně | jošnevy |
| 3.f | jošní | jošníno | |
Weak paradigm: III-*j
| socíc, sec, josci, socěj, sací 'drink' | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun | |||
| socíc | |||
| Present participle | |||
| sací | |||
| Past participle | |||
| socěj | |||
| Imperative | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 2.m | sec! | scija! | scý! |
| 2.f | scí! | scino! | |
| Subjunctive | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | oscej | nosceja | noscej |
| 2.m | toscej | tosceja | tosceje |
| 2.f | toscí | toscino | |
| 3.m | joscej | josceja | josceje |
| 3.f | joscí | joscino | |
| Aorist | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | osci | noscija | nosci |
| 2.m | tosci | toscija | toscý |
| 2.f | toscí | toscino | |
| 3.m | josci | joscija | joscý |
| 3.f | joscí | joscino | |
Weak paradigm: III-*w
| monýc, mny, jomny, monu, manev 'count' | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun | |||
| monýc | |||
| Participle | |||
| manev | |||
| Imperative | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 2.m | mny! | mnova! | mnovy! |
| 2.f | mnovi! | mnyno! | |
| Subjunctive | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | nomny | nomnova | nomnovy |
| 2.m | tomny | tomnova | tomnovy |
| 2.f | tomnovi | tomnyno | |
| 3.m | jomny | jomnova | jomnovy |
| 3.f | jomnovi | jomnyno | |
| Aorist | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | monúk | monuna | monuny |
| 2.m | monút | monútma | monútmy |
| 2.f | monúc | monútno | |
| 3.m | monu | monova | monovy |
| 3.f | monova | monovota | monuno |
Weak paradigm: III-*ʕ
| smoqec, sma, josma, soma, samea 'hear' | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun | |||
| smoqec | |||
| Participle | |||
| samea, sameq- | |||
| Imperative | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 2.m | sma! | smaqa! | smaqy! |
| 2.f | smaqi! | smaqno! | |
| Subjunctive | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | nosma | nosmaqa | nosmaqy |
| 2.m | tosma | tosmaqa | tosmaqy |
| 2.f | tosmaqi | tosmaqno | |
| 3.m | josma | josmaqa | josmaqy |
| 3.f | josmaqi | josmaqno | |
| Aorist | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | somoqok | somoqna | somoqny |
| 2.m | somoqot | somoqtma | somoqtmy |
| 2.f | somoqoc | somoqtno | |
| 3.m | soma | somoqa | somoqy |
| 3.f | somoqa | somoqota | somoqna |
Irregular: jéri 'see'
| jéri 'see' | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun | ||||||
| rájec | ||||||
| Present Participle | ||||||
| rěj | ||||||
| Past Participle | ||||||
| ráj | ||||||
| Imperative | ||||||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||
| 2.m | re! | rija! | ré! | |||
| 2.f | rí! | reno! | Present | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||
| 1 | rájok | rájna | rájne | |||
| 2.m | rájot | rájtma | rájtme | |||
| 2.f | rájoc | rájtno | ||||
| 3.m | ráj | rája | ráje | |||
| 3.f | rája | rájota | rájno | |||
| Preterite | ||||||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||
| 1 | nóri | nórija | nóré | |||
| 2.m | tóri | tórija | tóré | |||
| 2.f | tórí | tórino | ||||
| 3.m | jéri | jérija | jéré | |||
| 3.f | jérí | jérino | ||||
N-stems: jǫkotyl
Regular (strong) paradigm
| noktylec, ǫkotyl, jǫkotyl, noktyl, mǫkotyl 'be killed' | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun | |||
| noktylec | |||
| Participle | |||
| mǫkotyl | |||
| Imperative | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 2.m | ǫkotyl! | ǫkotyla! | ǫkotyly! |
| 2.f | ǫkotyli! | ǫkotylno! | |
| Present | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | nǫkotyl | nǫkotyla | nǫkotyly |
| 2.m | tǫkotyl | tǫkotyla | tǫkotyly |
| 2.f | tǫkotyli | tǫkotylno | |
| 3.m | jǫkotyl | jǫkotyla | jǫkotyly |
| 3.f | jǫkotyli | jǫkotylno | |
| Aorist | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | noktylok | noktylna | noktylny |
| 2.m | noktylot | noktyltma | noktyltmy |
| 2.f | noktyloc | noktyltna | |
| 3.m | noktyl | noktyla | noktyly |
| 3.f | noktyla | noktylota | noktylno |
Weak paradigm: I-*w
| nulydec, ǫvolyd, jǫvolyd, nulyd, mǫvolyd 'be born' | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive/Verbal noun | |||
| nulydec | |||
| Participle | |||
| mǫvolyd | |||
| Imperative | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 2.m | ǫvolyd! | ǫvolyda! | ledy! |
| 2.f | ǫvolydi! | ǫvolydno! | |
| Present | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | nǫvolyd | nǫvolyda | nǫvolydy |
| 2.m | tǫvolyd | tǫvolyda | tǫvolydy |
| 2.f | tǫvolydi | tǫvolydno | |
| 3.m | jǫvolyd | jǫvolyda | jǫvolydy |
| 3.f | jǫvolydi | jǫvolydno | |
| Aorist | |||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1 | nulydok | nulydna | nulydny |
| 2.m | nulydot | nulýtma | nulýtmy |
| 2.f | nulydoc | nulýtno | |
| 3.m | nulyd | nulyda | nulydy |
| 3.f | nulyda | nulydota | nulydno |
I-nasal
I-nasal roots trigger compensatory lengthening in combination with the ę- allomorph of the passive prefix because of the geminate *-mm-, *-nn- that resulted.
- nǫ- instead of *non-
- é- instead of ę-
- nó-, tó-, jé- instead of nǫ-, tǫ-, ję-