User:Celinceithir/Sairstíreg: Difference between revisions
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|name = Sairstír Celinese | |name = Sairstír Celinese | ||
|nativename = Elíthec Sairstíroth; Sairstíreg | |nativename = Elíthec Sairstíroth; Sairstíreg | ||
|pronunciation = [ | |pronunciation = [ˈəˈlʲɨːθ̠əx sæʳˈʂʈɨːɹʊ], [sæʳˈʂʈɨːɹəɨ] | ||
|creator = A. Ayres | |creator = A. Ayres | ||
|setting = Lorech | |setting = Lorech | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Sairstír Celinese''' or '''Sairstirian''' (endonym: '''Elítheg Sairstíroth''' or '''Sairstíreg''' - sometimes referred to, particularly in Elitho, as '''Lônairesc''' [ | '''Sairstír Celinese''' or '''Sairstirian''' (endonym: '''Elítheg Sairstíroth''' or '''Sairstíreg''' - sometimes referred to, particularly in Elitho, as '''Lônairesc''' [ˈlo̝ːnæɹəʂ]) because of its complex links with the language of Aír, is a broad term used to refer to those varieties of Modern Southwestern Elithoan Celinese spoken in the Free Commonwealth of Sairstír. | ||
A common three-way distinction is drawn between '''mailsairstíreg''' (lit. Soft Sairstirian), spoken in Wylombeir and the northern seaboard, '''stairsairstíreg''' (Broad Sairstirian, lit. Hard Sairstirian), a more divergent form from Standard Elithoan Celinese that has not undergone Elithoan sound changes and has conserved features of Old Airesc Celinese, and '''Eilíonlyn''', a very conservative Southern Celinese variety spoken on the island of Eilíon and the Darnorwach Peninsula. The term does not apply to minority languages spoken in Sairstír that derive separately from Proto-Tygenoci, such as Modern Old Tygenoci or the Linro languages. | A common three-way distinction is drawn between '''mailsairstíreg''' (lit. Soft Sairstirian), spoken in Wylombeir and the northern seaboard, '''stairsairstíreg''' (Broad Sairstirian, lit. Hard Sairstirian), a more divergent form from Standard Elithoan Celinese that has not undergone Elithoan sound changes and has conserved features of Old Airesc Celinese, and '''Eilíonlyn''', a very conservative Southern Celinese variety spoken on the island of Eilíon and the Darnorwach Peninsula. The term does not apply to minority languages spoken in Sairstír that derive separately from Proto-Tygenoci, such as Modern Old Tygenoci or the Linro languages. | ||
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| | | | ||
| f v | | f v | ||
| | | θ̠ ð̠ | ||
| s (z) | | s (z) | ||
| (ʂ) (ʐ) | | (ʂ) (ʐ) | ||
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<div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0.33em"></div> | <div style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 0.33em"></div> | ||
* All vowels in Sairstír Celinese have allophonic nasal counterparts - vowels are nasalised before n, m and ŋ. The nasal consonant is sometimes omitted if it does not precede a vowel - so in ''cyn nothín'' (no idea), both ''n''s are only optionally pronounced - [ɕʏ̃(n) | * All vowels in Sairstír Celinese have allophonic nasal counterparts - vowels are nasalised before n, m and ŋ. The nasal consonant is sometimes omitted if it does not precede a vowel - so in ''cyn nothín'' (no idea), both ''n''s are only optionally pronounced - [ɕʏ̃(n) nʊθ̱ɨ̃(n)] - whilst in ''cyn ôlth'' (no problem), the nasal consonant must be pronounced [ɕʏ̃n o:ɫθ̱]. | ||
* Unlike SEC, but in common with many Elithoan Celinese dialects, there is a robust system of vowel reduction that impacts some unstressed vowels. When <e>, <i>, <o>, <u>, <y> and <a> (usually [ɛ~e], [ɨ], [o̝], [ʉ], [y] and [ɑ]) appear in a closed syllable directly before or after a stressed syllable, they are reduced to [ə], [ɪ], [ɔ~ʊ], [ʊ̈], [ʏ] and [æ]. This also applies to <e>, <i> and <u> in open syllables directly before a stressed syllable. | * Unlike SEC, but in common with many Elithoan Celinese dialects, there is a robust system of vowel reduction that impacts some unstressed vowels. When <nowiki><e>, <i>, <o>, <u>, <y> and <a></nowiki> (usually [ɛ~e], [ɨ], [o̝], [ʉ], [y] and [ɑ]) appear in a closed syllable directly before or after a stressed syllable, they are reduced to [ə], [ɪ], [ɔ~ʊ], [ʊ̈], [ʏ] and [æ]. This also applies to <nowiki><e>, <i> and <u></nowiki> in open syllables directly before a stressed syllable. | ||
* In stressed, closed syllables, [ɨ ʉ e o y] are usually lowered to [ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔ ʏ], unless modified with a circumflex or acute diacritic: compare ''cyn'' (no) [ɕʏ̃(n)] with ''gŷn'' (family) [ʑỹː(n)]. | * In stressed, closed syllables, [ɨ ʉ e o y] are usually lowered to [ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔ ʏ], unless modified with a circumflex or acute diacritic: compare ''cyn'' (no) [ɕʏ̃(n)] with ''gŷn'' (family) [ʑỹː(n)]. | ||
* The vowel in stressed syllable that is open or marked with a circumflex or acute accent is almost always pronounce long. Compare ''lena'' (inside) - [ˈlɛna] in Elithoan but [ˈlʲeːˌnɒ] in Sairstírian - or ''wylo'' (wave), [ˈwɪlɔ] in SEC but [ˈvʲyːlo̝] in SSG. | * The vowel in stressed syllable that is open or marked with a circumflex or acute accent is almost always pronounce long. Compare ''lena'' (inside) - [ˈlɛna] in Elithoan but [ˈlʲeːˌnɒ] in Sairstírian - or ''wylo'' (wave), [ˈwɪlɔ] in SEC but [ˈvʲyːlo̝] in SSG. | ||
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'''ɣ:''' Early Elithoan Celinese's /ɣ/ became unvoiced <ch> ([x] and later [χ]) in SEC - but became silent in Sairstír, often having a lengthening effect on vowels before it. Compare EEC's ''oɣt'' (from) to SEC ''och'' and SSG ''ô'' (Soft Sairstírian: ''ôth'') or SEC ''sinocht'' (snow) to SSG ''synôth'' [ɕyˈno̝ː]. | '''ɣ:''' Early Elithoan Celinese's /ɣ/ became unvoiced <ch> ([x] and later [χ]) in SEC - but became silent in Sairstír, often having a lengthening effect on vowels before it. Compare EEC's ''oɣt'' (from) to SEC ''och'' and SSG ''ô'' (Soft Sairstírian: ''ôth'') or SEC ''sinocht'' (snow) to SSG ''synôth'' [ɕyˈno̝ː]. | ||
'''No Pre-alveolar [a] raising:''' Most early middle Elithoan Celinese varieties saw [a] raised to [æ] (Modern <e> [e]) before word-final d, l, n and r. This sound change did not occur in Sairstír, and thus is not reflected in the orthography - hence ''hyrân'' [ | '''No Pre-alveolar [a] raising:''' Most early middle Elithoan Celinese varieties saw [a] raised to [æ] (Modern <e> [e]) before word-final d, l, n and r. This sound change did not occur in Sairstír, and thus is not reflected in the orthography - hence ''hyrân'' [çyˈɹɑ̃ːn] (red) instead of SEC's ''hyrèn'' or ''mayar'' instead of SEC maier. Before l and sometimes r, [ɑ] is raised and rounded to [ɔ], in itself reduced to [ʊ] when unstressed. Compare SSG ''lârol'' [lɑːɹʊɫ] and SEC ''lairel'' or SSG ''somor'' with SEC ''sofer''. | ||
Revision as of 13:36, 7 October 2015
| Sairstír Celinese | |
|---|---|
| Elíthec Sairstíroth; Sairstíreg | |
| Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|[[ˈəˈlʲɨːθ̠əx sæʳˈʂʈɨːɹʊ], [sæʳˈʂʈɨːɹəɨ]]]] |
| Created by | A. Ayres |
| Setting | Lorech |
| Native to | Sairstír and Linheim, Elitho, Beichlë, Western Jinyero |
| Native speakers | 16,417,890 (Sairstír); up to 6 million émigrés elsewhere (991) |
Proto-Tygenoci
| |
Early form | Old Airesc > Middle Borders Elithoan
|
| Official status | |
Official language in | Sairstír and Linheim |
| Regulated by | Several rival agencies, such as the Athecosoir go Wylombeir, Ronð go Lechlyfrírain Lônaig, GoSIC and the Ronð go Lorgwynel-Aimmon. |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | qce |
Sairstír Celinese or Sairstirian (endonym: Elítheg Sairstíroth or Sairstíreg - sometimes referred to, particularly in Elitho, as Lônairesc [ˈlo̝ːnæɹəʂ]) because of its complex links with the language of Aír, is a broad term used to refer to those varieties of Modern Southwestern Elithoan Celinese spoken in the Free Commonwealth of Sairstír.
A common three-way distinction is drawn between mailsairstíreg (lit. Soft Sairstirian), spoken in Wylombeir and the northern seaboard, stairsairstíreg (Broad Sairstirian, lit. Hard Sairstirian), a more divergent form from Standard Elithoan Celinese that has not undergone Elithoan sound changes and has conserved features of Old Airesc Celinese, and Eilíonlyn, a very conservative Southern Celinese variety spoken on the island of Eilíon and the Darnorwach Peninsula. The term does not apply to minority languages spoken in Sairstír that derive separately from Proto-Tygenoci, such as Modern Old Tygenoci or the Linro languages.
Sairstír's Celinese varieties, particularly eilíonlyn and stairsairstíreg, are of great interest to scholars of the Tygenoci language family because of the contrast between their conservation of Old Tygenoci and Old Airesc traits lost in Standard Elithoan Celinese, and the divergence from the rest of the family with sound changes unique to SSG and a large pool of Sairstír-specific vocabulary, a lot of which is derived from the language of the Sett minority. In this article, we will mostly consider Broad Sairstírian (SSG) unless otherwise specified.
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolar-palatal | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | |||||||
| Affricate | (ʈʂ) (dʐ) | (tɕ) (dʑ) | ||||||||
| Fricative | f v | θ̠ ð̠ | s (z) | (ʂ) (ʐ) | (ɕ) (ʑ) | ç | (x) | (ʁ) | h (ɦ) | |
| Approximant | ʍ w | ɹ̥ ɹ | j | |||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l |
Vowels
| Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | ||
| Close | 
| |||||
| Near-close | ||||||
| Close-mid | ||||||
| Mid | ||||||
| Open-mid | ||||||
| Near-open | ||||||
| Open | ||||||
- All vowels in Sairstír Celinese have allophonic nasal counterparts - vowels are nasalised before n, m and ŋ. The nasal consonant is sometimes omitted if it does not precede a vowel - so in cyn nothín (no idea), both ns are only optionally pronounced - [ɕʏ̃(n) nʊθ̱ɨ̃(n)] - whilst in cyn ôlth (no problem), the nasal consonant must be pronounced [ɕʏ̃n o:ɫθ̱].
- Unlike SEC, but in common with many Elithoan Celinese dialects, there is a robust system of vowel reduction that impacts some unstressed vowels. When <e>, <i>, <o>, <u>, <y> and <a> (usually [ɛ~e], [ɨ], [o̝], [ʉ], [y] and [ɑ]) appear in a closed syllable directly before or after a stressed syllable, they are reduced to [ə], [ɪ], [ɔ~ʊ], [ʊ̈], [ʏ] and [æ]. This also applies to <e>, <i> and <u> in open syllables directly before a stressed syllable.
- In stressed, closed syllables, [ɨ ʉ e o y] are usually lowered to [ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔ ʏ], unless modified with a circumflex or acute diacritic: compare cyn (no) [ɕʏ̃(n)] with gŷn (family) [ʑỹː(n)].
- The vowel in stressed syllable that is open or marked with a circumflex or acute accent is almost always pronounce long. Compare lena (inside) - [ˈlɛna] in Elithoan but [ˈlʲeːˌnɒ] in Sairstírian - or wylo (wave), [ˈwɪlɔ] in SEC but [ˈvʲyːlo̝] in SSG.
Sound correspondences with Standard Elithoan Celinese
mh: <mh> in Middle Southern Elithoan became <f> [f~v] in Elithoan Celinese, but became [ʍ] in initial position and [m] elsewhere in most Sairstír Celinese varieties. Compare SEC sofen with SSG. somman, hwair with fair, hwyðí to fyðí syfoth with scymoth, and lefrë with lemra.
ɣ: Early Elithoan Celinese's /ɣ/ became unvoiced <ch> ([x] and later [χ]) in SEC - but became silent in Sairstír, often having a lengthening effect on vowels before it. Compare EEC's oɣt (from) to SEC och and SSG ô (Soft Sairstírian: ôth) or SEC sinocht (snow) to SSG synôth [ɕyˈno̝ː].
No Pre-alveolar [a] raising: Most early middle Elithoan Celinese varieties saw [a] raised to [æ] (Modern <e> [e]) before word-final d, l, n and r. This sound change did not occur in Sairstír, and thus is not reflected in the orthography - hence hyrân [çyˈɹɑ̃ːn] (red) instead of SEC's hyrèn or mayar instead of SEC maier. Before l and sometimes r, [ɑ] is raised and rounded to [ɔ], in itself reduced to [ʊ] when unstressed. Compare SSG lârol [lɑːɹʊɫ] and SEC lairel or SSG somor with SEC sofer.