Tchwerian: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | |||
|+ '''Hauerreberjamms Wiobian consonants''' | |||
! colspan="2"| | |||
! | Labial | |||
! | Dental | |||
! | Alveolar | |||
! | Retroflex | |||
! | Palatal | |||
! | Velar | |||
! | Uvular | |||
! | Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/ | |||
| '''n''' /n̪/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''nh''' /ɲ/ | |||
| '''ng''' /ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Plosive | |||
! | <small>plain</small> | |||
| '''p''' /p/ | |||
| '''t''' /t̪/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ch''' /c~tɕ/ | |||
| '''c''' /k/ | |||
| '''k''' /q/ | |||
| '''Ø''' /ʔ-/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>implosive</small> | |||
| '''b''' /ɓ/ | |||
| '''d''' /ɗ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Fricative | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''ph''' /f/ | |||
| '''th''' /θ/ | |||
| '''x''' /s/ | |||
| '''s''' /ʂ/ | |||
| | |||
| '''kh''' /x/ | |||
| | |||
| '''h''' /h/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''v''' /v/ | |||
| '''d''' /ð/ | |||
| '''gi''' /z/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' /ɣ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Affricate | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''tr''' /tʂ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Trill | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''r''' /r/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Approximant | |||
| '''ł, o, u''' /w/ | |||
| | |||
| '''l''' /l/ | |||
| | |||
| '''j''' /j/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
==LMW > Early Reber Wiobian== | ==LMW > Early Reber Wiobian== | ||
Revision as of 21:37, 22 October 2015
Reber Wiobian (Reber-Muts/Rạp Mã) is a Wiobian dialect continuum that include Modern Standard Wiobian.
Numbers
- 1 wahm: viềm
- 2 discher: đẫy
- 3 narg: nộc
- 4 muhl: mào
- 5 sälisch: xỗi
- 6 stuom: thim
- 7 rut: ứt
- 8 lerz: lỡ
- 9 pfarb: vốp
- 10 kior: ra
- 100 däll: đầu
- 1000 seit: xượt
- 10000 krüeb: kệp
- 11 (dozenal): kiorwahm: rềm
- 12 (dozenal): queller: vau
- 12^2 getrann: sằn
- 12^3 gelief: łều
Letters
- T: Trabe > tˁɑɑp > độp
- G: Galst > galʔ > kawʔ > cạu > cạu
- K: Kohl > kool > koow (h -p m) > củ > cư
- I: *ii > ai > ai > aa > ưa
- W: Wier > vjaʔ > vaʔ > vạ > vơ
- N: Narch > naaç > naaj (l -p b) > noi > nổi
- U: uu > au > au > ea > a
- Q: Kried > qˁeit > keit (h +p g) > kiệt
- L: Lecken > *Leck > EMW lek > LMW lek (l -p g) > lậc
- P: Pfut > faut > ... > vát
- C: Ang > ʔaŋ > ăng
- E: ee > ii > ii > ơi?
- Ŧ: Ŧeib > ǃeip (Canadian raising!) > chiếp
- J: Jamm > dằm
- F: Fitt - pretty sure it's vết
- O: oo > uu > uu > yy > i
- M: Mersch > maa (l -p b) > mả > mở
- D: Dachel > EMW daxu > LMW ɗoo (l -p b) (with compensatory lengthening) > đủ > đử
- Đ: Đruche > EMW g!ˁoux > !ow (l +p b) > !xẻo > chảo
- R: Rift > EMW ʕeft > ʔew (l +p g) > ếu > éo
- S: Schnade > nʰeit > ... > niết
- ß: Discherschnader > *discher Schnade > đẫy niết
- H: Hammel > hamu > hom (h -p m) > hỏm > hôm
- B: Bruog > EMW bˁook > ɓook (l +p +g) > bức
- Z: Zamm > xăm
- A: aa > ei > ia > ia
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n̪/ | nh /ɲ/ | ng /ŋ/ | |||||
| Plosive | plain | p /p/ | t /t̪/ | ch /c~tɕ/ | c /k/ | k /q/ | Ø /ʔ-/ | ||
| implosive | b /ɓ/ | d /ɗ/ | |||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | ph /f/ | th /θ/ | x /s/ | s /ʂ/ | kh /x/ | h /h/ | ||
| voiced | v /v/ | d /ð/ | gi /z/ | g /ɣ/ | |||||
| Affricate | tr /tʂ/ | ||||||||
| Trill | r /r/ | ||||||||
| Approximant | ł, o, u /w/ | l /l/ | j /j/ | ||||||
LMW > Early Reber Wiobian
An Bhlaoighne-style tone mergers
-phar:
h -p b: hoi
h -p g: sac
h -p m: ngang
l -p b: nga
l -p g: nang
l -p m: huyen
+phar:
h +p b: huyen
h +p g: nang
h +p m: hoi
l +p b: ngang
l +p g: sac
l +p m: nga