Tchwerian: Difference between revisions
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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''Wieb-Muts'' or ''Reber-Muts'') is a Wiebian dialect continuum that includes varieties of Modern Standard [[Wiebian]]. It is often simply called "Wiebian" in-universe. {{PAGENAME}} is aesthetically inspired by Chinese | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''Wieb-Muts'' or ''Reber-Muts'') is a Wiebian dialect continuum that includes varieties of Modern Standard [[Wiebian]]. It is often simply called "Wiebian" in-universe. {{PAGENAME}} is aesthetically inspired by Chinese. | ||
==Historical phonology== | ==Historical phonology== | ||
===Middle Wiebian=== | ===Middle Wiebian=== | ||
==Phonology== | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | |||
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} initials''' | |||
! colspan="2"| | |||
!Labial | |||
!Alveolar | |||
!Retroflex | |||
!Click | |||
!Velar | |||
!Uvular | |||
!Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"|Nasal | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
|/m̊/ | |||
|/n̊/ | |||
|/ɳ̊/ | |||
|/ŋ̊!/ | |||
|/ŋ̊/ | |||
|/ɴ̊/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
|/m/ | |||
|/n/ | |||
|/ɳ/ | |||
|/ŋ!/ | |||
|/ŋ/ | |||
|/ɴ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3"|Stop | |||
! | <small>tenuis</small> | |||
|/p/ | |||
|/t/ | |||
|/ʈ/ | |||
|/ǃ/ | |||
|/k/ | |||
|/q/ | |||
|/ʔ/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>aspirated</small> | |||
|/pʰ/ | |||
|/tʰ/ | |||
|/ʈʰ/ | |||
|/ǃʰ/ | |||
|/kʰ/ | |||
|/qʰ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
|/b/ | |||
|/d/ | |||
|/ɖ/ | |||
|/ɡǃ/ | |||
|/ɡ/ | |||
|/ɢ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"|Spirants | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
|/f/ | |||
|/θ/ | |||
| | |||
|/ɧ/ | |||
|/x/ | |||
|/χ/ | |||
|/h/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
| | |||
|/ð/ | |||
| | |||
|/ɧ̬/ | |||
|/ɣ/ | |||
|/ʁ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"|Sibilants | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| | |||
|/s/ | |||
|/ʂ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
| | |||
|/z/ | |||
|/ʐ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"|Approximant | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
|/ʍ/ | |||
|/l̥/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
|/w/ | |||
|/l/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "| | |||
! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small> | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small> | |||
|- | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| /i/ | |||
| /iː/ | |||
| /y/ | |||
| /yː/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| /u/ | |||
| /uː/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Mid | |||
| /e/ | |||
| /eː/ | |||
| /ø/ | |||
| /øː/ | |||
| | |||
| /əː/ | |||
| /ɔ/ | |||
| /oː/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| /æ/ | |||
| /æː/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| /ɑ/ | |||
| /ɑː/ | |||
|} | |||
Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa jaː wa wo uːa waː ɥa ɥø yːa ɥaː aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/ | |||
===Tones (allophonic)=== | |||
*(-p m) | |||
*(-p b) | |||
*(-p g) | |||
*(+p m) | |||
*(+p b) | |||
*(+p g) | |||
==Inventory== | ==Inventory== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Revision as of 01:44, 9 December 2015
Tchwerian (Wieb-Muts or Reber-Muts) is a Wiebian dialect continuum that includes varieties of Modern Standard Wiebian. It is often simply called "Wiebian" in-universe. Tchwerian is aesthetically inspired by Chinese.
Historical phonology
Middle Wiebian
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Click | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiceless | /m̊/ | /n̊/ | /ɳ̊/ | /ŋ̊!/ | /ŋ̊/ | /ɴ̊/ | |
| voiced | /m/ | /n/ | /ɳ/ | /ŋ!/ | /ŋ/ | /ɴ/ | ||
| Stop | tenuis | /p/ | /t/ | /ʈ/ | /ǃ/ | /k/ | /q/ | /ʔ/ |
| aspirated | /pʰ/ | /tʰ/ | /ʈʰ/ | /ǃʰ/ | /kʰ/ | /qʰ/ | ||
| voiced | /b/ | /d/ | /ɖ/ | /ɡǃ/ | /ɡ/ | /ɢ/ | ||
| Spirants | voiceless | /f/ | /θ/ | /ɧ/ | /x/ | /χ/ | /h/ | |
| voiced | /ð/ | /ɧ̬/ | /ɣ/ | /ʁ/ | ||||
| Sibilants | voiceless | /s/ | /ʂ/ | |||||
| voiced | /z/ | /ʐ/ | ||||||
| Approximant | voiceless | /ʍ/ | /l̥/ | |||||
| voiced | /w/ | /l/ | ||||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||||||
| short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | /i/ | /iː/ | /y/ | /yː/ | /u/ | /uː/ | ||
| Mid | /e/ | /eː/ | /ø/ | /øː/ | /əː/ | /ɔ/ | /oː/ | |
| Open | /æ/ | /æː/ | /ɑ/ | /ɑː/ | ||||
Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa jaː wa wo uːa waː ɥa ɥø yːa ɥaː aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/
Tones (allophonic)
- (-p m)
- (-p b)
- (-p g)
- (+p m)
- (+p b)
- (+p g)
Inventory
Consonants
Vowels
a aa e i o ö u ü
ai au ei eu iu öi oi ou ui
Tones
Morphology
Nouns
Nouns inflect for two cases, nominative and genitive. The genitive derives from the Ancient Wiebian dative.
Definite article ein (an)
| Number | Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine |
| Nominative | ein (an) | eine (an-L) | einen (na-N) | einer (na-L) |
| Genitive | eines (an-H) | einer (na-L) | einens (na-H) | einen (na-N) |