Old Kurmian: Difference between revisions
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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! Close | ! Close | ||
| / | | /ʲi/ /ʲiː/ | ||
| | | | ||
| /u/ | | /u/ /uː/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Close-mid | ! Close-mid | ||
| / | | /ʲe/ /ʲeː/ | ||
| /ə/ | | /ə/ /əː/ | ||
| /o/ | | /o/ /oː/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Open | ! Open | ||
| | | | ||
| / | | /ʲa/ /aː/ | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 02:31, 29 December 2015
Introduction
Old Kurmian is inspired by Old Irish.
Sound changes
- short e > short i, short i > ə
- short a o u > short ä ö ü
- /au ai/ > /aː/, /oy/ > /we/
- back vowels should break as in OC > MC
- final fricatives > breathy tone > low tone
- Prefixes correspond to lexical mutations in RW
- grammatical mutation
- standardize Irish-style orthography?
- slenderization and labialization yielding MC-style medials
- vowel length lost
- assuming vocalized r at the same conditions as bühnendeutsch:
- fám, dàuigh, neág, đâbh, séil, stúm, rút, leá, speáb, cia
Phonology
Initials
| Labial | Coronal | Coarticulated | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiceless | /m̊/ | /n̊/ | /ŋ̊!/ | (/ŋ̊/) | |
| voiced | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ!/ | /ŋ/ | ||
| Stop | tenuis | /p/ | /t/ | /!/ | /k/ | /ʔ/ |
| aspirated | /pʰ/ | /tʰ/ | /!ʰ/ | /kʰ/ | ||
| voiced | /b/ | /d/ | /g!/ | /g/ | ||
| breathy voiced | /bʱ/ | /dʱ/ | /g!ʱ/ | /gʱ/ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | /f/ | /s/ | /ɧ/ | /x/ | /h/ |
| voiced | /z/ | /ɧ̬/ | /ɣ/ | |||
| Trill | /r/ | |||||
| Approximant | /w/, /ɥ/ | /l/ | /j/ | |||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | /ʲi/ /ʲiː/ | /u/ /uː/ | |
| Close-mid | /ʲe/ /ʲeː/ | /ə/ /əː/ | /o/ /oː/ |
| Open | /ʲa/ /aː/ |
Finals
Permissible finals: /-p -t -k -m -n -l/
Tones
Grammar
Mutations
- /p/ <p> > /f/ /b/ /pʰ/ (from AW pf)
- /b/ <b> > /v/ /m/ /bʰ/
- /pʰ/ <p̂> > /f/ /m̊/ /pʰ/
- /f/ <f> > /0/ /v/ /f/ (from AW f and w)
- /m/ <m> > /ṽ/ /m/ /m̊/
- /t/ <t> > /θ/ /d/ /tʰ/
- /d/ <d> > /ð/ /n/ /dʰ/
- /tʰ/ <t̂> > /θ/ /n̊/ /tʰ/
- /s/ <ƨ> > /h/ /z/ /s/
- /z/ <s> > /0/ /z/ /z/
- /n/ <n> > /n/ /n/ /n̊/
- /!/ <ŧ> > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!ʰ/
- /g!/ <đ> > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!ʰ/
- /!ʰ/ <ŧ> > /ɧ/ /ŋ̊!/ /!ʰ/
- /ɧ/ <sc> > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/
- /k/ <c> > /x/ /g/ /kʰ/
- /g/ <g> > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ /gʰ/
Tenses
- Present: is V S O, negation má V is S O
- Past: do-L V S O, negation mádh-L V S O