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====Number==== | ====Number==== | ||
Nouns can be singular or plural and articles, adjectives and verbs agree in number with the noun (or the subject in the case of the verb). Singular is unmarked, while plural is marked | Nouns can be singular or plural and articles, adjectives and verbs agree in number with the noun (or the subject in the case of the verb). Singular is unmarked, while plural is marked with the prefix /-s/, written <-c> in traditional orthography and <-s> in modern orthography. However, if the noun ends in a consonant, diverse changes happen : | ||
<poem> | |||
A final palatal nasal becomes velar : /ɲ/ → [ŋ]. This is reflected in the orthography. | |||
In general, nasals are slightly devoiced, and the -s suffix stays voiceless : [m̥s], [n̥s], [ŋ̥s]. This is not reflected in the orthography. | |||
However, prenasalized consonants become fully nasalized but the plural suffix becomes voiced : /ᵐb/+/s/ → [mz] ; /ⁿd/+/s/ → [nz] ; /ᵑg/+/s/ → [ŋz]. This is partially reflected in the orthography (voicing of the plural suffix -s is never reflected in the orthography, it is always spelled <-c> or <-s>). | |||
Aspirated plosives lose their aspiration : /pʰ/ → /p/ ; /tʰ/, /t̚/ → /t/ ; /kʰ/ → /k/. This is reflected in the orthography. | |||
The plural suffix is voiced after most voiced obstruents : /b/+/s/ → /bz/ ; /d/+/s/ → /dz/ ; /g/+/s/ → /gz/ ; /v/+/s/ → /vz/ ; /ɣ/+/s/ → /ɣz/ ; /ʁ/+/s/ → /ʁz/. As stated previously, this is not reflected in the orthography. | |||
However, the voiced bilabial fricative becomes /w/ and the plural suffix becomes voiced : /β/+/s/ → /wz/. | |||
After the strident fricatives /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, the plural suffix is simply not pronounced, but it is still written. | |||
After the approximants /w/ and /j/, the plural suffix becomes voiced : /wz/, /jz/. Not reflected in the orthography. | |||
The liquids /ʀ/, /ɾ/, /l/ are slightly devoiced : [ʀ̥s], [ɾ̥s], [l̥s]. Not reflected in the orthography. | |||
</poem> | |||
====Case==== | ====Case==== | ||