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TolsianR: Difference between revisions
→Conjugation
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The following tables | The following tables illustrate the underlying conjugation paradigms : | ||
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<!-- In this table, the endings correspond, respectively, to 1SG, 2SG, 3SG, 1PL, 2PL, 3PL, and 2FORMAL persons. "Stem" represents the stem of the verb minus its final vowel, as the diverse verbal categories markers can be inserted between the final vowel and the rest of the verb root. The final vowel is represented by the letter "V". The verbal declensions are given in phonological form ; indeed, orthography is not entirely transparent here, which can be most appreciated with the [tʃ] of the inanimate imperfect past which results from affrication of /t/ before /j/. The "(i)" is an epenthetic i sometimes inserted to break some consonant clusters (rules not perfectly described yet). Let's illustrate this table with a Class A verb, ''barinir'', "to want" : | <!-- In this table, the endings correspond, respectively, to 1SG, 2SG, 3SG, 1PL, 2PL, 3PL, and 2FORMAL persons. "Stem" represents the stem of the verb minus its final vowel, as the diverse verbal categories markers can be inserted between the final vowel and the rest of the verb root. The final vowel is represented by the letter "V". The verbal declensions are given in phonological form ; indeed, orthography is not entirely transparent here, which can be most appreciated with the [tʃ] of the inanimate imperfect past which results from affrication of /t/ before /j/. The "(i)" is an epenthetic i sometimes inserted to break some consonant clusters (rules not perfectly described yet). Let's illustrate this table with a Class A verb, ''barinir'', "to want" : | ||
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=====Examples of conjugated verbs===== | |||
Note : in the original alphabet, and its corresponding traditional transliteration, endings that contain the sound /jo/ are written with the letter <y> if they belong to the absolute or subjunctive, but a digraph <i͠o> elsewhere ; for instance, the absolute animate 1SG, 2SG and 3SG persons are differentiated in writing from their inanimate conditional counterparts, despite being the same in phonic realization. In the modern transliteration, there is no difference. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Historical or canonical conjugation of the verb ''barinir'', to want | |||
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! | ! | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Modern conjugation table for the verb ''barinir'', to want | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
! colspan="7" | Class A Animate : barinir "to want" | ! colspan="7" | Class A Animate : barinir "to want" | ||
|- | |||
! Person !! Indicative Present !! Indicative Imperfect Past !! Indicative Perfect Past !! Indicative Future !! Subjunctive !! Conditional !! Absolute (Gnomic) | |||
|- | |||
! 1SG | |||
| barini || bariniti → barinti || barinifi → barinfi → barimfi || bariniri → barinri || bariniko → barinko → bariŋko / baringko || barinino → barinno (→ barino) || bariniy → bariny → bariño / barinho | |||
|- | |||
! 2SG | |||
| barinic / barinis || barinitic → barintic / barintis || barinific → barinfic → barimfic / barimfis || bariniric → barinric / barinris || barinikoc → barinkoc → bariŋkoc / baringkos || barininoc → barinnoc (→ barinoc / barinos) || bariniyc → barinyc → bariñoc / barinhos | |||
|- | |||
! 3SG | |||
| barinit || barinitit → barintit || barinifit → barinfit → barimfit || barinirit → barinrit || barinikot → barinkot → bariŋkot / baringkot || barininot → barinnot (→ barinot)|| bariniyt → barinyt → bariñot / barinhot | |||
|- | |||
! 1PL | |||
| barinim || barinitimo → barintimo → barinto || barinifimo → barinfimo → barimfimo → barimfo || barinirimo → barinrimo → barinro || barinikomuc → barinkomuc → bariŋkomuc → bariŋkwc / baringkus|| barininomuc → barinnomuc → barinnwc (→ barinwc / barinus) || bariniyf → barinyf → bariñof / barinhof | |||
|- | |||
! 2PL | |||
| barinitc / barinits || barinititc →barintitc / barintits || barinifiti → barinfiti → barimfiti → barimfitc/barimfits || bariniriti → barinriti → barinritc/barinrits || barinikotic → barinkotic → bariŋkotic → bariŋkic / baringkis || barininotic → barinnotic → barinnic (→ barinic / barinis) || bariniyz → barinyz → bariñoz / barinhoz | |||
|- | |||
! 3PL | |||
| barinin || barinitin → barintin || barinifin → barinfin → barimfin || barinirin → barinrin || barinikona → barinkona → bariŋkona → bariŋka / baringka || barininona → barinnona → barinna (→ barina) || bariniyn → barinyn → bariñon / barinhon | |||
|- | |||
! 2FORMAL | |||
| barinine → barinne → barine || barinitine → barintine → barinte || barinifine → barinfine → barimfine → barimfe || barinirine → barinrine → barinre || barinike → barinke → bariŋke / baringke || barinine → barinne (→barine) || barinii͠e → barini͠e → bariñe / barinhe | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Modern conjugation table for the verb ''barinir'', to want | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! colspan="7" | Class A Inanimate : barinir "to want" | ! colspan="7" | Class A Inanimate : barinir "to want" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Person | ! Person !! Indicative Present !! Indicative Imperfect Past !! Indicative Perfect Past !! Indicative Future !! Subjunctive !! Conditional !! Absolute (Gnomic) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1SG | ! 1SG | ||
| bariñi / barinhi || barintqi / barintshi || barimfi͠i / barimfyi || barniri͠i / barniryi || bariŋky / baringkyo || (barini͠o / barinyo =>) bariño / barinho || (barinyh / barinyoh =>) bariñoh / barinhoh | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2SG | ! 2SG | ||
| bariñic / barinhis || barintqic / barintshis || barimfi͠ic / barimfyis || barniri͠ic / barniryis || bariŋkyc / baringkyos || (barini͠oc / barinyos =>) bariñoc / barinhos || (barinys / barinyoc =>) bariños / barinhoc | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3SG | ! 3SG | ||
| bariñit / barinhit || barintqit / barintshit || barimfi͠it / barimfyit || barniri͠it / barniryit || bariŋkyt / baringkyot || (barini͠ot / barinyot =>) bariñot / barinhot || (barinyŧ / barinyoth or barinyott =>) bariñoŧ / barinhoth or barinhott | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1PL | ! 1PL | ||
| bariñim / barinhim || barintqimo / barintshimo|| barimfimo || barinrimo / barinrimo || bariŋkymuc / baringkyomüs || (barini͠omuc / barinyomüs =>) bariñomuc / barinhomüs|| (barinyƥ / barinyofh =>) bariñoƥ or bariñyƥ / barinhofh | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2PL | ! 2PL | ||
| bariñitc / barinhits || barintqitc / barintshits || barimfiti / barimfiti || barniriti / barniriti || (bariŋkytic / baringkyotis =>) bariŋkytc / baringkyots || (barini͠otic / barinyotis => bariñotic / barinhotis =>) bariñotc / barinhots || (barinyƶ̆ / barinyozh =>) bariñoƶ̆ or bariñyƶ̆ / barinhozh | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3PL | ! 3PL | ||
| bariñin / barinhin || barintqin / barintshin || barimfi͠in / barimfyin || barniri͠in / barniryin || bariŋkyna / baringkyona (bariŋkæ̊,bariŋki͠a/baringkya ?)|| (barini͠ona / barinyona =>) bariñona / barinhona (bariña/barinha ?)|| (barinyƿ / barinyowi ->) bariñoƿ / barinhowi | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2FORMAL | ! 2FORMAL | ||
| barinine / barinine || barintqe / barintshe || (barimfii͠e / barimfiye =>) barimfi͠e / barimfye || (barnirii͠e / barniriye =>) barniri͠e / barnirye || bariŋki͠e / baringkye || (barini͠e / barinye ->) bariñe / barinhe || (barinyƶ, barinyœ / barinyodh, barinyoo =>) bariñoƶ, bariñoœ / barinhodh, barinhoo | |||
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But it is debated whether orthography should reflect better the palatalization and some write : ''barintqi, barintqic, barintqit, barintqimo, barintqitc, barintqin''. | But it is debated whether orthography should reflect better the palatalization and some write : ''barintqi, barintqic, barintqit, barintqimo, barintqitc, barintqin''. | ||