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Bresserian: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "{{Infobox language |name = Bresserian |nativename = broisseureis |pronunciation = bʁwasøʁaj(z) |pronunciation_key = IPA |states = France |region = Normandy |speakers = 8000 |date = 2020 |created = 2022 |familycolor = Indo-European |fam2 = Germanic |fam3 = West Germanic |creator =...") |
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|states = [[w:France|France]] | |states = [[w:France|France]] | ||
|region = [[w:Normandy|Normandy]] | |region = [[w:Normandy|Normandy]] | ||
|speakers = | |speakers = 11000 | ||
|date = 2020 | |date = 2020 | ||
|created = 2022 | |created = 2022 | ||
| Line 62: | Line 62: | ||
| f | | f | ||
| s | | s | ||
| ʃ | | tʃ~ʃ | ||
| (x) | | (x) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 68: | Line 68: | ||
| v | | v | ||
| z | | z | ||
| ʒ | | dʒ~ʒ | ||
| rowspan="2" | ʁ | | rowspan="2" | ʁ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 139: | Line 139: | ||
| ɑ̃ | | ɑ̃ | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |||
==Writing System== | |||
Despite its status as a minority language, Bresserian has maintained a strong written tradition throughout its history. Due to this, and likely the influence of other conservative scripts such as French and English, Bresserian spelling tends to preserve the obsolete pronunciations of an older form of the language. It should be noted, however, that Bresserian spelling is largely more consistent and less irregular than that of French or English. | |||
===Alphabet=== | |||
The Bresserian alphabet is based on the 26 letters of the [[Latin alphabet]], uppercase and lowercase, with five [[diacritic]]s and two [[orthography|orthographic]] [[typographic ligature|ligatures]]. | |||
:{| class="wikitable" | |||
!Letter | |||
!Name | |||
!Name ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]) | |||
ǃNotes | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:A|A]] || a || {{IPA|/a/}} || | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:B|B]] || bé || {{IPA|/be/}} || | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:C|C]] || cé || {{IPA|/se/}} ||is pronounced as soft [s] before ''i'' and ''e'' but hard [k] otherwise – occurs as [x] at the end of words | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:D|D]] || dé || {{IPA|/de/}} || | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:E|E]] || e || {{IPA|/ə/}} ||often becomes silent word-finally | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:F|F]] || effe || {{IPA|/ɛf/}} || | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:G|G]] || gé || {{IPA|/(d)ʒe/}} || is pronounced as soft [(d)ʒ] before ''i'', ''e'' and ''a'', but [g] otherwise | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:H|H]] || ache || {{IPA|/aʃ/}} || rare, only in loanwords | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:I|I]] || i || {{IPA|/i/}} || | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:J|J]] || ji || {{IPA|/(d)ʒi/}} || | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:K|K]] || ka || {{IPA|/ka/}} || rare, only in loanwords | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:L|L]] || elle || {{IPA|/ɛl/}} || | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:M|M]] || emme || {{IPA|/ɛm/}} || | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:N|N]] || enne || {{IPA|/ɛn/}} || | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:O|O]] || o || {{IPA|/o/}} || | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:P|P]] || pé || {{IPA|/pe/}} ||silent at the end of words | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:Q|Q]] || qu || {{IPA|/ky/}} ||often seen in the digraph ''qu'', although still pronounced as [k] (not [kw] as might be expected) – occurs as [k] at the end of words unlike ''c'' | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:R|R]] || erre || {{IPA|/ɛʁ/}} ||unlike in French, is never silent | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:S|S]] || esse || {{IPA|/ɛs/}} ||is pronounced as [z] between two vowels or beside a voiced consonant | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:T|T]] || té || {{IPA|/te/}} ||silent at the end of words | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:U|U]] || u || {{IPA|/y/}} || | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:V|V]] || vé || {{IPA|/ve/}} || | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:W|W]] || tiévaut vé || {{IPA|/tjɛvo ve/}} || rare, only in loanwords | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:X|X]] || ixe || {{IPA|/iks/}} || | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:Y|Y]] || croyeis i || {{IPA|/kʁwajaiz‿i/}} || | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:Z|Z]] || zède || {{IPA|/zɛd/}} || | |||
|} | |||
===Ligatures, Digraphs and Trigraphs=== | |||
Alongside the core letters, Bresserian makes extensive use of letter combinations and ligatures. | |||
:{| class="wikitable" | |||
!Letters | |||
!Name | |||
!Name ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]) | |||
ǃNotes | |||
|- | |||
| [[w:Æ|Æ]] || âche || {{IPA|/ɑːʃ/}} ||pronounced as [ɛ] | |||
|- | |||
| Ai || a mé i || {{IPA|/a me i/}} ||pronounced as [ɛ] | |||
|- | |||
| An || a mé enne || {{IPA|/a me ɛn/}} ||pronounced as [ɑ̃(ː)] | |||
|- | |||
| Au || a mé o || {{IPA|/a me o/}} ||pronounced as [o~ɔ] | |||
|- | |||
| Ch || cé mé ache || {{IPA|/se me aʃ/}} ||pronounced as [(t)ʃ] | |||
|- | |||
| Ei || e mé i || {{IPA|/ə me i/}} ||pronounced as [aj] | |||
|- | |||
| En || e mé enne || {{IPA|/ə me ɛn/}} ||pronounced as [ɑ̃(ː)] | |||
|- | |||
| Eu || e mé u || {{IPA|/ə me y/}} ||pronounced as [ø~œ] | |||
|- | |||
| Eau || e mé a mé u || {{IPA|/ə me a me y/}} || pronounced as [o] | |||
|- | |||
| Gn || gé mé enne || {{IPA|/(d)ʒe me ɛn/}} ||pronounced as [ɲ] | |||
|- | |||
| il(le) || i mé elle || {{IPA|/i me ɛl/}} ||found in words such as bouil [buj], étaille [etaj], meil [mɛj]. May still be pronounced as [ʝ] for some speakers (e.g. [buʝ], [etaʝ], [mɛʝ]) | |||
|- | |||
| In || i mé enne || {{IPA|/i me ɛn/}} ||pronounced as [ɛ̃(ː)] | |||
|- | |||
| Œ || œil || {{IPA|/œj/}} ||pronounced the same as ''eu''; generally found with ''u'' as ''œu'' | |||
|- | |||
| Oi || o mé i || {{IPA|/o me i/}} ||pronounced as [wa] or [wɛ] depending on speaker | |||
|- | |||
| On || o mé enne || {{IPA|/o me ɛn/}} ||pronounced as [ɔ̃(ː)] | |||
|- | |||
| Ou || o mé u || {{IPA|/o me y/}} ||pronounced as [u] | |||
|- | |||
| Ui || u mé i || {{IPA|/y me i/}} ||pronounced as [ɥi] | |||
|- | |||
| Un || u mé enne || {{IPA|/y me ɛn/}} ||pronounced as [œ̃(ː)] | |||
|} | |} | ||